The Stowe missal, ms. D II 3 in the library of the Royal Irish Academy, Dublin

\

HENRY BRADSHAW

SOCIETY

Sounbeb in f^e ^ear of Our feotb 1890

for fi}c ebiftng of Q^are £iturgtc<xf €cx(b.

Vol. XXXII.

ISSUED TO MEMBERS FOR THE YEAR 1906,

AND

PRINTED FOR THE SOCIETY

BY

HARRISON AND SONS, ST. MARTIN'S LANE,

PRINTERS IN ORDINARY TO HIS MAJESTY.

NOV 1 5 1934

THE

STOWE MISSAL

MS. D. II. 3 IN THE LIBRARY OF THE
ROYAL IRISH ACADEMY, DUBLIN.

EDITED BY

SIR GEORGE F. WARNER,

M.A., D.Litt., F.B.A., late Keeper of MSS., British Museum.

Vol. II.

Printed Text

With Introduction, Index of Liturgical Forms,

AND Nine Plates of the Metal Cover

AND the Stowe St. John.

feonbon.

1915-

W0V15t934

7 34-9

LONDON :
HARRISON AND SONS, PRINTERS IN ORDINARY TO HIS MAJESTY,

ST. martin's lane.

CONTENTS.

VOL. I.
The Stowe Missal : Facsimile.

VOL. IL

PAGE

Introduction vii

Plates : — to follow Ix

I-VL The Metal Cover of the Stowe Missal.
VII-IX. Three pages of the Stowe St. John.

The Stowe Missal: Printed Text i

Appendix : Translation of the Irish Treatise on the

Mass 40

Index of Liturgical Forms 43

INTRODUCTION.

The text here printed is that of the oldest Mass-book of the
early Irish Church known to have survived, and is intended
to accompany the collotype facsimile of the MS. which has
already been issued in a separate volume. Incongruous as it
may seem that it should take its title from an English country
seat, the Stowe Missal is so called, not with any reference to its
origin, but merely from the fact that for a few years it was in
the library at Stowe House in Buckinghamshire, formed early
in the last century by George Grenville, first Marquess of
Buckingham, who died in 1813, and Richard his successor,
afterwards Duke of Buckingham and Chandos. Its existence
there was first revealed in iSiQj when a lengthy, but not
altogether accurate, article was devoted to it in an Appendix to
vol. i of the privately printed Catalogue of the Stowe MSS., by
Dr. Charles O'Conor,^ and as no mention is made of it in the
Catalogue itself, which is dated only a year before, it was
probably a quite recent acquisition. Without explaining how
it came to be at Stowe, O'Conor states that it was discovered
somewhere on the Continent by " the late John Grace, Esquire,
of Nenagh in Ireland, who was formerly an of^cer in the
German service " ; but unfortunately no particulars of the
precise locality and circumstances of its discovery had been
recorded, and nothing is known of its peregrinations before it
was thus rescued from oblivion. From a pedigree in Me^norials
of the family of Grace, by Shefifield Grace, privately printed in
1823, it appears that a John Grace, captain of carabineers in the
Imperial service, died at the siege of Belgrade in 1789 ; and
there was also a John Dowell Grace, captain of Wiirtemberg

^ Bibliotheca MS. Stowensis, A Descriptive Catalogue of the MSS. in the Stowe
Library, Buckingham, 1818.

R)QT

viii INTRODUCTION.

dragoons, who retired from active service in 1776 and died in
Ireland in 181 1. The latter is described in the Memorials as of
Mantua House, co. Roscommon, and it is uncertain which of
the two, if either, was the John Grace to whom O'Conor refers.
There is little doubt, however, that the second Marquess of
Buckingham obtained the MS. directly from some member of
the Grace family, with which he was connected through his wife.
As he was on friendly terms with Sheffield Grace, nephew of
the John Grace who died at Belgrade, it perhaps came to him
by gift or purchase from that quarter.

When the contents of Stowe House, then belonging to the
second Duke of Buckingham and Chandos, were partially
dispersed in 1849, the Missal was catalogued with the rest of the
MSS. for public auction.^ Ultimately, however, the whole
collection was sold privately to the fourth Earl of Ashburnham,
and was removed to Ashburnham Place in Sussex, where it
remained intact, and still distinguished as the Stowe Collection,
until 1883. By a vote in Parliament it was then purchased
from the fifth earl for the nation and was thereupon divided into
two portions, the majority of the MSS., which were chiefly of
historical interest, going to the British Museum, while those
written in the Irish language or otherwise connected with
Ireland were handed over to the Royal Irish Academy at
Dublin. The Stowe Missal, with the metal case within which it
is inclosed, of course went to Ireland, and under the press-mark
D. II. 3 in the library of the Academy thus at length found a
permanent resting-place in the country from which it originally
came.

The full contents of the MS. comprise the following articles,
all of which, except the last two, are in Latin : —

1. Extracts from the Gospel of St. John, f i.

2. The Ordinary and Canon of the Mass, followed by a few

special Masses, f. 12. .

3. The Order of Baptism, with the Communion of the

Newly Baptized, f. 461^.

^ Lot 996 in Sotheby's Catalogue of the Stowe Collection of MSS. which will be
sold by auction .... on Monday ^ nth of June, 1849.

INTRODUCTION, ix

4. The Order of the Visitation of the Sick, with the

Administration of Extreme Unction and Communion,
f. 60.

5. A short treatise in Irish on the Mass. f. 6^v,

6. Three short spells in Irish, f. 6jv.

While it was still at Ashburnham Place the liturgical portions
(artt. 2-4) were edited, for the first time, by the Rev. F. E.
Warren, The Litiu^gy and Ritiial of the Celtic Church, 1883,
pp. 198-268; and in 1886, after its removal to Dublin, artt. 2
and 3 were again edited, together with the text and a translation
of the Irish treatise on the Mass (art. 5), by the Rev. B.
MacCarthy, D.D., in a dissertation " On the Stowe Missal,"
printed in the Transactions of the Royal h'ish Academy, vol. xxvii,
1885, p. 185. A later edition of art. 5, with an independent
translation, was included by Whitley Stokes and Strachan in
their Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus, 1903, vol. ii, p. 252, where it
is accompanied, pp. 250, 251, also with translations, by the Irish
spells '(art. 6) and the brief Irish rubrics interspersed in the
liturgical text. In the present volume a literal transcript is
given of the whole of these articles (2-6), the extensions of
the abbreviated forms being printed in italic type and the addi-
tions to the original text in smaller type. A translation of the
Irish text, borrowed by permission from the Thesaurus Palaeo-
hibernicus, is added in an appendix. For reasons stated below, the
extracts from St. John's Gospel (art. i) are omitted, Repro-
ductions of three pages, are, however, given in Plates VII-IX,
and a collation of the text with that of the Codex Amiatinus
will be found in a paper by the Rev. J. H. Bernard, D.D. (now
Bishop of Ossory), " On the Stowe St. John," in the Transactions
of the Royal Irish Academy, vol. xxx, pt. viii, 1893.

As will be seen from the facsimile, the volume is of sm.all
dimensions, containing in its present state sixty-seven leaves of
vellum, which measure 5f inches in height and 4I inches in
width. The vellum is normally rather thick and in some parts
is much soiled and darkened by age and wear. The binding is
of wooden boards covered with discoloured vellum and in
addition round the three outer edges with strips of kid-skin

INTRODUCTION.

|-inch wide stained red^ ; its back is of modern dark brown
leather. Owing to removals and insertions the present com-
position of the five gatherings of which the volume is made up
is somewhat irregular. The first, which contains the extracts
from St. John, consists of eleven leaves (fif. i-ii), but another
has been torn away at the beginning, leaving only a narrow
strip along the inner edge, on the verso side of which are slight
remains of a border resembling that on f. iiz/(see Plate IX).
The second gathering, which now contains seventeen leaves
(fif. 12-28), consisted originally of the ten leaves numbered 12,
13, 15-17, 20, 21, 26-28, together probably with two others
between 17 and 20, now replaced by the present pair 18 and 19.
Fol. 14 is an inserted narrow slip, 2\ inches in height at most,
its blank inner edge projecting |-inch between ff. 26 and 27 ;
and the gathering of four leaves numbered 22-25 is also an
insertion. The existing arrangement will be seen at a glance in
the following diagram, where the dotted lines indicate the
inserted leaves : —

12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28

1 The strip along the bottom of the upper cover is missing.

INTRODUCTION. xi

The third gathering contains eighteen leaves (fif. 29-46), of
which fourteen, viz., 29, 32-34, 37-46, are original, while, as
shown below, two pairs, ff. 30, 31^ and ff. 35, 36, are interpolated.

29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46

The fourth gathering contains twelve leaves (ff. 47-58), all of
which are original and regularly arranged ; and the fifth is made
up of the nine leaves numbered 59-67, together with a tenth,
blank and unnumbered, which is pasted down to the cover.

For the text of the Missal and of the other liturgical matter in
its original form lines were ruled with a hard point on one side
only of the vellum, two for each line of text, which was written
with more or less regularity between them. Single or double
vertical lines were also ruled on the left and right, but little
attention was paid to the latter by the scribes, the text being as
often as not carried beyond them. The number of lines of text
on a page varies. Excluding, it must be understood, for the
present all interpolated matter, on ff. i2-28z/, 47-49, 50^^-64, 65,

■^ As will be seen (p. 3, n. 10), this pair ought properly to be inserted between
f. 12 and f. 13.

xii INTRODUCTION.

there arc thirteen lines ; on ff. 29-4677 there are fourteen ; and
on ff. 49^;, 50, 64^» there are twelve. These differences cor-
respond to some extent with changes of hand. Thus the first
hand (A^) ends (on the last page of the gathering) at f. 287^' ;
a second hand (A~) writes the next gathering (ff 29-46) ; and a
third hand (A'^), with more ornamental initials, extends from
f. 47 to f. ^\v. After this the hands are more difficult to dis-
tinguish, but ff 52, ^2v were perhaps written by A\ and ff 53-64
by a fourth hand (A"*), while another (A^) certainly begins on
f. 6^v and continues to the end (f. 65).

The character of the original script is Irish minuscule, with
a tendency to be angular rather than rounded. In all the hands
there is one exception to the prevailing minuscule forms of
letters, the majuscule or capital R being almost invariably used.
Three instances of a minuscule r, shaped like the Saxon
letter, almost like ;/, may be seen on f. 33^^, 1. I, dcprecaviiir^
1. 5, donare^ and f 65, last line, ordo. There is also a single
instance of a majuscule N on f. 54, 1. 2, fons^ where N and long
s are combined.

With regard to the formation of the other letters a few
points may here be noticed. Thus a is formed like ii^ sloping
slightly backwards, with the tops connected by a fine transverse
line. The second stroke, especially in hand A-, is often higher
than the other and sharply pointed, and the connecting line cuts
it below the top. In a few cases (f. \2v, 1. 10, f. 521^ 1. 13)«
following in is subscript.

The first stroke of b is bent, and is thickened at the top by
an angular spur-like projection on the left. The latter feature
also characterizes the other tall letters, d^ //, /, and more or less
all vertical strokes.

c consists of a backward-sloping straight stroke turning up
sharply at the bottom, with a separate curved top affixed to it,
drawn from left to right. '

The bow of d closely resembles r, and the stroke on the right
is nearly always vertical. It is very rarely bent round almost
horizontally to the left {e.g.^ f. 38, 1. 7, deuui), as is the case with
a capital (see f. 54^'), but a sloping variant from the normal
shape sometimes occurs, as on f. \^v, 1. 1 1, viundo^ f. 17, last line,

INTRODUCTION. xiii

depreceimir, etc., and more commonly in the smaller script of the
rubrical directions {e.g.^ f. S^^)-

e is formed on the same principle as c, the rounded top and
the cross-stroke being affixed separately. The top is frequently
raised above the line of writing, the cross-stroke being utilized
in making the following letter. At the end of a word, and
occasionally also elsewhere, the cross-stroke is long, thick and
wavy. The diphthong ce is commonly found, but ae^ e (e.g.,
f. 47^7, 1. 7, diuine) and e (f 17, 1. 12, catholice) also occur in its
place.

/ is composed of a vertical stroke carried only a little below
the ruled line, with a curved or wavy line, from left to right, at
the top and a cross-stroke low down, along the ruled line.

The down-stroke of g springs from the centre of the
horizontal top ; it is only slightly curved to left and right, and
usually ends in a small knob.

i after 7;/, n, u is often subscript, being attached to the final
stroke of the preceding letter and curved round to the left,
something like the bow of 3 (see f. 13, 11. 8, 12, f. 322;, 1. 4, etc.).
The same is the case after c and long s, where the i is attached
to the curved top of the letter.

The curve of/ is generally rather pointed at the top and
ends at the bottom in a knob.

q is open at the top, with a curve above the first stroke (see
f. \^v, 1. I, 2X^6, pas siin).

s is of the long form, resembling f without the cross-stroke ;
but at the end of a word, instead of a convex top above the line,
there is a small wavy stroke on the right of the vertical stroke,
making the letter somewhat like r (see f. 39, end of lines, and
for the same form in the middle of a word, f. 417^, 1. 5, ipse). In
one case (f. 45^^, 1. 4, esse^ the form s is used.

The cross-stroke of t extends well both to right and left of
the main stroke and is generally somewhat heavy. As a
ligature with e in et the letter is smaller and differently formed
(f. \2v^ 1. 2, et ; f. \yo, 1. 2, eterne ; f. 20, 1. 2, habei).

The characteristic forms of x, j/, ^ all occur on f \2v, 1. 4,
that of J being especially noticeable.

The letters /, /, i", and more rarely r, are sometimes written

xiv INTRODUCTION,

with a flourish on the left, making an acute angle with the main
stroke at the bottom (see ff. \2v^ \6v). In some cases these
forms represent initial capitals, but they are also used for minus-
cules, and in the case of s are even found at the end of a word
(f. 41^, 1.6).

Most of the other initials of collects, etc., are merely the
minuscule forms on a larger scale, but N in IN is used (ff. 42,
45, etc.). The form of <3^as an initial is invariably that in which
the vertical stroke is bent back to the left horizontally ; instead
of an oval it sometimes has an oblong shape (fif. 39Z/, ^\v,
etc.), and the same is also the case with 0 (ff. 21, 45^'). On
ff. 1 3^', 47-5 1 there are more ornamental initials, with spirals,
interlacing (ff. 47, 48), a human head (f. 50, see also f. \2v\ and
dogs' heads (ff. lyo, 48).

Abbreviations are frequent and, besides the usual noinina
sacra^ include the following : —

a, aut.

h, autem.

b, bene,
cs, cuius.

c, cum.
dcs, dicens.

dt, dicit (f. ^yv).
dx, dixit (f. 62).
9, eius.
-)f» enim.
go, ergo,
ee, esse.

., ,, tat.

7, et (rare, f. 49, 11. 9, 10).

ffs, fratres.

h, haec.

K, hoc.

hs, huius.

he, hunc.

ig', igitur.

1, in.

It, inter.

INTRODUCTION, xv

mm, ms, meum, meam, meus.

nois, noe (no, f. 49), noa, nominis, -mine, -mina.

n, non.

iir, nost, noster.

nfa, nostra.

nm, nrm, nostrum, nostram.

ni, nostri.

nrae, nrae, nre, nostrae.

iio, nro, nostro.

nrom (f. i^v)^ nostrorum.

nas (f. I3^'), ns (f. 17), nostras.

nf is, nrs (ff. 1 2v^ \Ov)y nostris.

iic, nunc.

omes, oms, omnes.

omi, omis, omni, omnis.

omia, oiiia, omnia.

omim, omm, omnium.

omibus, embus, omnibus.

omipot, omipos, oiriipo, ompot, ompo, omnipotens.

p^, per.

p, prae.

p, pro.

PS pri-.

po, post.

pt, praeter.

propt, pt, propter.

qsi, quasi.

q:, q;, que.

qi, qui.

q:-, q:,,q;,, quae.

qg, quod.

q-(also qua), q. (f. 2'jv\ quam.

q, q:,q:. (f. 61), quern.

qs^, quis.

qd; quid.

qino, quomodo.

^ Elsewhere this is usually a symbol for " quaesumus," for which other abbrevia-
tions are employed here.

xvi INTRODUCTION,

qm, quoniam.

qms, qsu, qiis, quaesumus.

rl, reliqua.

f, secundum (f. 20z^).

s, sed.

sr, sup'", super.

st, sunt.

i\ tibi.

tc, tunc.

1, vel.

The following symbols for omitted syllables and letters also
occur, viz. : —

An inverted c for con {e.g.^ consubstancialem, f 20, 1, 13).

A hooked horizontal stroke ( ^) for final in and for in before
a consonant in the middle of a word (e.g., ambire, f. 13) and in
Amen (f 21) even between two vowels ; also for um in pacificum

(f. 17). _

A short horizontal stroke, generally slightly concave, for n
and -er {e.g., in, inter, uerbo, pater) and for -un in -rnnt {e.g.,
rogauerunt, f 62). For -um in the genitive plural it is placed,
not over r, but to the right of it {e.g., tuorum, f. 27). The same
symbol is also used in many of the forms of abbreviation in
the list above, as well as in abbreviations by simple suspension
of all kinds. These are not uncommon, especially in words of
frequent recurrence, as —

quesu for quesumus.

ora and bfor oramus.

p (also ps)for presta.

apos/^r apostolos, -orum.

mart/<?r martirum. •

uirg/(?r uirginum.

archang princip et potest, etc., for archangeli principes et

potestates, etc. (f 39z^).
respo, res, f for respondet.
B.\for alleluia,
saecu sajc, sae Sceic for sa^cula saeculorum (ff. 48, 58).

INTRODUCTION. xvii

pa et {\for pater (-ris) et filius (-ii).^

lee ybr lectio.

P^ igy<?r per ignem.

\Afor vere dignum.

K comma over /, slightly to the right, for -ur in -tur {e.g.^
largiuntur, f. 17).

: \ 3 for lis in -bus and elsewhere, as peccauimus (f. 12),
uirtus (f. 58), opus (f 61), etc.

An acute accent is placed over monosyllables and fre-
quently over -is of the dative and ablative plural. It is also
occasionally found elsewhere, as sollemnitas (f. 38), circumdas
(f. 40), confirma (f 44), isac, iacob (f 45^'), tribus (f 62v) ; and
even over a short syllable, as plebis (f 38z^).

Punctuation is marked in a variety of ways, by : ? :^
:• ^> \ •• and, less often, by a full point, generally medial.

The spelling is very irregular, but the irregularities are not
systematic and the normal orthography in many cases is also
found. The following list includes most of the peculiar forms,
some of which may be merely clerical errors : —

Consonants doubled : missericordiam (f 132/, and so all
derivatives of miser), aeclessia {i6v), uissiuilium (visi-
bilium, 20), quessumus (27), accussantes (44), cappillis
(47), deffensa (48), tutellam (482^, 597;), sallientes (54),
effussione (55), pressens (57^^, 60), uissita (6iz/, 642/),
inuassit (63), essurientem (64-6^).

One of two similar consonants dropped : abiso (abysso, 12),
emite (emitte, 1227), altisime (13, and so frequently in
other superlatives), misa {lyo, 38), imbiciles (imbecilles,
i5z'), aceptos {lyv), remisionem (21, etc.), sufragia
(381^), gutore (gutture, 47), acipientibus (482^), promisae
(492;), suplices (50), gehinam (gehennam, 502^), suplicii
(502'), mitire (mittere, 522;), iusit (562/), acipio (582/),
dimite {6iv), acesserunt (612^).

^ The form " patin " for " patrem " (f. 28) is also regarded by Prof. W. M.
Lindsay {Notae Latinae^ p. 91) as a capricious suspension.

STOWE. b

\ t.../

XVlll

INTRODUCTION,

a for e

a for 0
a omitted
CB for a
ce for e

b for in
b for/

b for V
c for ch

c for ^«
diox t

^inserted
e for a
e for ^
^ for i. . .

^ for ze
e for ?/^
ea for ^
fioxp

catacominis (catechumenis, 17, 5227), piatas (43),
alimento (elemento, 47z^), adsequandi (54^0>
faciam (faciem, 65).

manachorum (382;).

ionne (lohanne, 53).

aeclesiae (abl., 27), laetentes (52^).

iustae (adv., 14), aeclesia (162^, 17, etc.), praespiter,
(2gv, etc.), tribuae (imper., 40), fontae (45),
sanctae (voc, 47), aeternae (voc, 497^, 50, etc.),
sempiternae (voc, 54), frontae (57, 58), saluarae
(597^), fratrae (60), aeucharistiam (63?:^).

imbulamus (immolamus, 45).

babtismum (21, etc.), scabulas (52^;), babtitzantes

(53).
commobebuntur (62z'), sperabimus (perf., 34).
catacominis (catechuminis, 17, etc.), cresmate

(chrismate, 57^').
trancillitate (162/), corum (33^), scaloribus (57).
adque (27^', 507^), uelud (502^), debedis (58z^),
fortidudo (647^).
after ;2 concindunt (41).

... emanere (emanare, 53).

... querite (16), quesumus {passim)^ presta {passim).

. . . adstantes ( 1 3), respices (respicis, 1 6v)j praespeteris
(presbiteris, i6z/), confeteor (20z/), feceretis
(feceritis, 28), cremine (377;, 55), preuelegia
(38), marteria, (38, 40), emitatione (40), per-
feciat (437^), refregeri (45 ^*), abieciendos (471^,
52), laetentes (latentis, 527^), uirtutes (-is, 542^),
affluentes (-is, 55), fontes (55), cresmate (577/),
lineat (57^*), uiuentes (-is, 61), homines

{62V),

... maestas (42).

... pingesce (44), apinge (pingue, 44).

... fereabatur (54?y).

... adefti (16).

INTRODUCTION,

XIX

fiorph

g for c
h omitted

h inserted
i for e

i for ie
i for ii

i for u
ie for e
ii for i
in for b
m for ;2
^ for a
0 for 2^

orfanis (17), profetas (and other cases, 20z^, 38,

etc.), fantasma (54).
calige (15^), crugifixus {20v).

tronum (13^), Pilippi (26v), ostium (hostium,
372/), teoricam (37^), immo (hymno, 41),
triumpare (50), alitus (61); and see above, c
for ch.

baltheo (13), habundantius (41).

diabiso (de abysso, 12), ficisti (i2z^), urire (i22^J,
promiriri (promereri, 13), accidentem (13),
imbiciles(i5^'), redimisti (15^), perigrinantibus
(17), meriamur (17, 6'^, discendit, etc. (20,
42z;, etc.), sanguinim (20), sedit (202/), patire-
tur {2yv), rimisionem (28), aspicire (287;),
spicialiter (382^, 427;), proficire (40), difunc-
tis (40^'), sinciritatem (42), intigra (42),
offerri (offerre, 42?^), obteniant (421^), sus-
teniant {/\.^v), elimento Q\.7v, 52, etc.), mistirii
(47^), residiat (477/), flagillas (50), gehinam
(502/), supplicis (-es, 51), benedictionis (-es,
52), cariat (52), mitire (mittere, 52^7), apiriatur
(587/), dispicias (587^), fidiliter {6^), respondit
(-et, 65).

maistatis (282/), mais[ta]tis (427^), maistate (627/).

dilui (diluuii, 12), sacrificis (-iis, 16), pissimis
(167;), fili (gen., 277;), insidis (377^), gaudi (38),
gaudis (417^), iudici (-ii, 507/), misteris (54),
uitfs(55).

obtilit (287^), incolimitate (527^), uirtites (62v),

diciens (28), agiens (28).

aperii (imper., 497^).

neximus (1377).

imferis (287^), immo (hymno, 41).

euchoristia (637;).

tonica (13), catacominis (17, 527;), commonione
(377/, 637;), gutore (gutture, 47), incolomitate
(477;), commonicatio (637^), homano (64)

b 2

XX INTRODUCTION.

p {qx b ... praespeteris (i6v), praespiter (297^, etc.), opse-

cremus (^Sv).

qii for ^ ... loqutus (20?^), consequti (42^»), loqui (loci, 52).

t iox d ... retdat (i7?y), tetrimentum (441/).

tz {ox z ... babtitzantes (53).

M for b ... coenouitarum (39z^).

u {ox 0 ... diabuli, etc. (16, etc.), idulorum {^.yv).

M for uu ... dilui (diluuii, 12), asqum (4027).

^^ omitted ... cognoerunt (34), spiritale (38?^), langoris (60).

u inserted ... uirguinum (38).

u for tls ... spiritu (gen., 39, 41, etc.).

;f for ^ ... resurrextionem (21).

^ for J- ... zabaoth (13), zeth (32).

si {ox is ... elezion (eleison, 127;).

Some small ornamental initials have already been mentioned
(p. xiv). The only other decoration in the Missal is on the first
page, which has a large rectangular initial P, together with a
border inclosing the text on the other three sides. The colours
employed in both initial and border are rather dingy red,
yellow and brown. The initial is filled with a form of the key-
pattern ornament, familiar in the Book of Kells, the Lindisfarne
Gospels,^ the Gospels of St. Chad, and other remains of early
Celtic art, combined with lozenges and spirals. The border
presents a striking analogy with that on the first page of
St. Luke in the last two of the MSS. named. At the top, facing
the initial, is the head of a cat, the hindquarters of which, with
legs and tail, are at the lower extremity, the rest of the body
being represented by horizontal and vertical panels containing
a running pattern of swans with an edging of narrow bands.
In the Lindisfarne Gospels the cat's head is at the lower
extremity, and the treatment of the hindquarters here is more
like that in St. Chad's Gospels, where the rectangular initial Q
also contains key-pattern panels.

The Missal, however, is not in the state in which it was left
by its original scribes, and the question of its date may be

^ See especially ff. 17^% I38<-', and for other examples of key-patterns J. Romilly
Allen, Celtic A)-t in Pagan and Christian Tinics^ 1904, pp. 279-284.

INI R OD UC TION. xxi

deferred for the present and be considered later in connexion
with that of the subsequent additions. By far the most
extensive and important of these are in the hand {a) of a scribe
who gives his name, " Moelcaich scripsit," on f. 37. They are
written, not only on the leaves which, as before mentioned, have
been interpolated (ff. 14, 18, 22-25, 30, 31, 35, 36), but on others
from which the original text has been, either in whole or in
part, effectually erased (ff. 13, 15, ijv, 21, 2iv, 26, 2677, 34 and
37), and also in the margins of ii. i6v, 28, 28z^, and on f. 4.6V, which
was originally left blank. As will be noticed at once in the
facsimile, Moelcaich wrote a smaller, rounder and more facile
minuscule hand than his predecessors, and, except when over an
erasure, not between double ruled lines, but upon or pendent
from a single one. There is also a considerable difference in
the forms of some of the letters. Thus a is composed normally
of two strokes only, which meet at the top and are not
connected by a third transverse stroke. The exceptions to
this are in the rather smaller minuscule rubrics, where the
top is open (e.g., oblata^ f. 2127), as is the case also in terraruin^
f. 24, 1. II, and \n fratiHbus^ f. 25, 1. 13. In <^ the stroke on
the right is most usually bent over to the left, but the
vertical form, which largely predominates in the original hands,
is also found (ff. 14^^ 15). The difference in q and r is still
more striking, for in Moelcaich's hand both these letters are of
the ordinary minuscule type, the former being closed at the top
and without the curve over the first stroke. Abbreviations are
mostly the same as in the original text, with the addition of s"-
for siait (f. 13). The form q is, however, used (f. I7z^) instead of
q:- for quae, and the horizontal stroke for -urn in the genitive
plural is placed over the preceding r and not to the right of it.
The cases of noster are generally written in full ; but when they
are abbreviated, they follow the older system ni, no, etc. (ff. 22?7,
26, 467^, etc.), with one exception (f. 21), where nfae occurs. In
its spelling of words Moelcaich's text is no less anomalous than
the other. Thus it includes : —

aceptu, alis (aliis), altisimus, animamus (-abus), arcisire,

audii (imper.).
clementisime, commonionis.

xxii INTRODUCTION.

desederium, dicire, dirilinquisti, discende.

effussione, eliuatur.

feccis (faecis), filii (voc), fructum (gen. plur.).

incolomitate, inmotabilis, intigritate, iteneris.

lintiamen.

maestatis, meriar, misserere.

ortodoxis, ossanna.

prespeteris, pulluto.

redetu, remisione.

sarephin, spicialiter, spiciosus, sussum.

uaris (variis), uitis (vitiis).

Another later hand {U) is found in a few rubrics (ff. 12, 13,
\yv, 15) and in two inserted collects, one at the foot of f. \yo
and the other on f. 19, where the writer utilized a narrow strip of
vellum which was left blank by Moelcaich and to which another
piece was afterwards stitched. Although the two are very much
alike in type, this hand may be distinguished from Moelcaich's
by characteristic forms of t and u (see f. 13, 1. i). There is,
however, apparently very little, if any, difference in date between
the two, and both scribes were most probably contemporary
members of the same religious community.

Some interlineations on ff. 13, i^v are in a smaller and
rougher hand than either of the two last mentioned. They
were either written by yet another corrector (r), or possibly by
Moelcaich himself, the fact that he was writing under cramped
conditions between the lines being accountable for any apparent
difference of hand.

Finally, there are two short Irish rubrics on ff. 51, 58, which
are in a small, sloping hand, different from all the rest, but
apparently not much later.

With regard to the age, both of the MS. as it was first
written and of the subsequent .insertions, very different opinions
have been expressed.^ For one reason or another the original
text has been dated by Dr. Todd- not later than the sixth

* See Cabrol, Did. cC Archiologie Chr^tienney Art. " Celtiques (Liturgies)," ii,
pt. 2, col. 2973.

2 Trans, of Koy. Irish Acadefiiy, 1856-1S59, vol. xxiii, Antiquities, pp. 16, 18.
This date, as will be seen from the names of saints, is quite impossible. From no

INTRODUCTION. xxiii

century, by Dom S. Baumer^ about 627-640, by Dr. MacCarthy^
in the second quarter of the seventh century, by Monsignor
Duchesne^ in the eighth century, by Mr. F. E. Warren* in the
ninth century, and by Sir F. Kenyon,^ with some hesitation, at
the beginning of the tenth century or end of the ninth. The
diversity of opinion about Moelcaich's additions among the
same authorities is not so great. As before, S. Baumer is the
most precise, dating them about 740-750, and Dr. MacCarthy
also assigns them to the eighth century, but the rest all agree in
the belief that they were inserted two centuries later.

It would materially assist us in solving the vexed question of
date if the identity of Moelcaich could first be satisfactorily
established. The name, which is explained to mean Calvus
liiscus^ " the bald (tonsured), one-eyed man," does not appear
to be an infrequent one. It was borne by a contemporary of
St. Buite, who died in 521, and who, according to legend,
miraculously restored his head to his body and later, as penalty
for a misdeed, reversed the process^ ; and the Annals of Ulster
record the death of Maelcaich, son of Scannal, king of the
Cruithni, in 665 (6) and of Maelcaech, son of Cuscrad Menn in
783 (4). Two others of the name appear in a table of the
descendants of Ailill Olom compiled by Dr. MacCarthy^ from
the Book of Leinster. One of them is there described as son
of Aed Bennan, king of Kerry, who died in 619, and his own

fault of his own, Dr. Todd's examination of the MS., which was then still at
Ashburnham Place, was very hasty and superficial.

■^ " Das Stowe Missale aufs neue untersucht " in Zeitschrift fiir kathoL Theologie,
xvi, 1892, p. 459.

2 Trans, of R.I. A. ^ 1877-1886, vol. xxvii, Antiquities, p. 165.

^ Origines du ctilte Chrdtieny 1898, p. 148.

* Liturgy and Rittial of the Celtic Churchy 1881, p. 199.

^ Whitley Stokes and Strachan, Thesaurus Falaeohibernictis, 1901-3, vol. ii,
p. xxvii.

^ Or according to Mr. Plummer, Calvus lusci, " The tonsured (slave) of the one-
eyed (saint)." The second element in names compounded with Mael or Moel is,
however, not always in the genitive. There are instances to the contrary in Mael-
dub, Maelgorm, etc.

"' "Vita S. Boecii," Plummer, Vitae SS. Hib., 1910, i, pp. 91, 95. See also the
Felire of Oengus, ed. Whitley Stokes, 1905, p. 132.

^ Op. rit.y p. 167. Besides Moelcaich MaccAeda Bennain, four more are men-
tioned in Rawlinson MS. B. 502 (see Prof. Kuno Meyer's index to the facsimile,
Oxford, 1909).

xxiv INTRODUCTION.

death is approximately dated about 650. This is undoubtedly
too early for the Moelcaich of the Stowe Missal, but Dr. Mac-
Carthy confidently identifies the latter with the other Moelcaich
in his table, who was son of Flann and presumably lived towards
the middle of the eighth century, being fourth in descent from
Aed, king of Cashel, who died in 601. The chief ground on which
he bases this belief is the date of the latest saint in the Litany on
f. 30, which is in Moelcaich's hand, and it is on this ground also
that S. Baumer dates his insertions about 740-750. On refer-
ring to the Litany in the printed text (p. 14), it will be observed
that, although all the names are preceded as usual by Sancte or
Sancta^ some are in the vocative and others in the genitive case.
This discrepancy rather suggests that the latter came originally
from a different source and were ignorantly copied without the
necessary change of inflexion. The following are the Irish saints
with their dates, so far as they are known, and the days on which
they are commemorated in the Irish Martyrologies^ : —

Patricii, Patrick, ob. 493.

Ailbei, Ailbe, bishop of Emly, Sept. 12, Dec. 30 (O, T, G, D),

ob. 534 or 542.
Finnio, or Finnian, abbot of Clonard, co. Meath, Dec. 12

(O, G, D), ob. 549.
Finnio, or Finnian, bishop of Movilla, co. Down, Sept. 10

(O, T, G, D), ob. 579.
Ciarani, Ciaran, abbot of Clonmacnois, King's Co., Sept. 9

(O, T, G, U), ob. 549-
Ciarani, Ciaran of Saiger (Seirkieran, King's Co.), Mar. 5

(O, T, G, D), ob. 560.

^ O = Filire Oengusso. The Martyrology of Oengtis the Culdec^ ed. Whitley
Stokes, H.B.S., 1905. Oengus was a monk at Clonenagh, Queen's Co., and after-
wards at Tallaght, where he completed his work in 804.

T = The Martyrology of Tallaght in The Book of Leinster {cite, i (60), facs., ed.
R. Atkinson, 1880, 355^ 365^. Printed from a copy at Brussels, ed. M. Kelly,
Calendar of Irish Saints^ Dublin, 1857. Nov. and 1-16 Dec. are missing, and there
are other lacunoe in Feb., June and July.

G = Fdire Hiii Gormdin. The Martyrology of Gorman , ed. \V. Stokes, H.B.S.,
1895. Composed between 1 166 and 11 74.

D = I^he Martyrology of Donega/, ed. Todd and Reeves, Dublin, 1S64. Compiled
by Michael O'Clery, one of the Four Masters, in 1630.

INTRODUCTION. xxv

Brendini, Brenann, abbot of Birr, King's Co., Nov. 29

(O, G, D), ob. 573-
Brendini, Brenann, abbot of Clonfert, co. Galway, May 16

(O, T, G, D), ob. S77 or 583.
Columba, Colombcille, abbot of Hi or lona, June 9

(O, T, G, D), ob. 597.
Colomba, Colomb, abbot of Terryglas, co. Tipperary,

Dec. 13 (O, G, D), ob. 600.
Comgilli, Comgall, abbot of Bangor, co. Down, May 10

(O, T, G, D), ob. 600.
Cainnichi, Cainnech, abbot of Aghabo, Queen's Co., Oct. 1 1

(O, T, G, D), ob. 599.
Findbarri, Barr, bishop of Cork, Sept. 25 (O, T, G, D),

ob. 622-3.
Nessani, Nessan, deacon, of Mungret, co. Limerick, July 25

Fachtni, Fachtnae, bishop of Roscarbery, co. Cork, Aug. 14
(O, T, G, D).

Lugidi, Lugaid or Lugach, bishop of Cuil-Bennchoir,
Oct. 6 (O, T, G, D).

Lacteni, Lachtain of Achad-ur (Freshford, co. Kilkenny),
Mar. 19 (O, T, G, D), ob. 622.

Ruadani, Ruadan, abbot of Lothra or Lorrha, co. Tipperary,
Apr. 15(0, T, G, D), ^^. 585.

Carthegi, Carthach or Mochutu of Rathen, bishop of
Lismore, May 14 (O, T, G, D), ob. 6^.

Coemgeni, Coemgen, abbot of Glendalough, co. Wick low,
June 3 (O, T, G, D), ob. 618 or 622.

Mochonne, Mochonna or Conna of Inis Patraic (Inish-
patrick, near Skerries, co. Dublin), or another, bishop
of Lemchaill (Lowhill, Queen's Co.), both Jan. 13
(T, G, D, cf. O, p. 42). There were other saints of the
same name, including an abbot of Derry, Apr. 12
(T, G), ob. 704; a bishop of Connor, May 15 (G),
ob. 725 ; and Mochonna of Cluain Airdne, Sept. 30
(T, G, D),^^. 713.

Brigta, Brigit, abbess of Kildare, Feb. i (O, T, G, D), ob. 522.

XX vi INTRODUCTIOX.

Ita, Ite, virgin, of Killeedy, co. Limerick, Jan. 1 5 (O, T, G, D),

ob. 570 or 577.
Scetha, Sciath or Seethe, virgin, Jan. i (G, D), Sept. 6^

(O, T, G, D).
Sinecha, Sinech, virgin, Nov. 9 (O, G, D).
Samdine, Samthann or Samdann, virgin, of Clonbroney,

CO. Longford, Dec. 19 (O, T, G, D), ob. 739.^

The last saint invoked is thus also the latest in date ; and, so
far as this evidence goes, while it is clear that the interpolated
Litany must at the earliest be later than 739, there is nothing in
it to preclude the possibility of its having been written, as Dr.
MacCarthy supposes, by Moelcaich, son of Flann, or between 740
and 750. There is, however, on f. 32, a list of saints to be com-
memorated, or what is known as the diptychs,^ which is in the hand
of one of the original scribes and must therefore have been written
before Moelcaich's interpolations, and it is necessary to ascertain
whether it includes any saint posterior to Samthann. It begins
with Biblical names from Abel to the Apostles and Evangelists,
who are followed by the three early martyrs Stephen, Cornelius
and Cyprian, and the two early hermits Paul and Anthony. Of
the two remaining sections, the first comprises the names of as
many as thirty-five bishops. All of them are insular except the
first four, Martin, Gregory, Maximus, and Felix, who are identi-
fied by Dr. MacCarthy with Martin of Tours {ob. 397 or 401),
Gregory of Tours {pb. 594), Maximus of Riez {pb. 462), and Felix
of Nantes (pb. 584). Martin of Tours was extremely popular in
Irish hagiography, and the identification in his case is no doubt
correct, but neither Gregory of Tours nor Felix of Nantes is
mentioned in any of the Irish Martyrologies. The Gregory
referred to is therefore more probably Pope Gregory the Great
(pb. 604, Mar. 1 2, O, G), the " Grigoir Ruamae " of Oengus, who was

^ The feast on Sept. 6 was that of the arrival of her relics at Tallaght. See
Mart, of Gorman, p. 393.

2 Annals of Ulster. The Annals of the Four Masters give 734. The same
genitive form Samdine occurs in a MS. containing traditions of Tallaght, edited
by E. J. Gwynn and W. J. Purlon, "The Monastery of Tallaght," in Proc. of the
Roy. Irish Acad., vol. xxix, Sect. C, No. 5 (1911), p. 150.

3 See a paper by Mr. Edmund Bishop, *' The Litany of Saints in the Stowe
M.i&szX,''^ /oii*-nal of Theological Studies, vol. vii, 1905, p. 122.

INTRODUCTION. xxvii

held in the highest honour ; and unless the connexion between
Ireland and Brittany is sufificient to account for the Nantes
bishop, Felix may also be a Pope, either Felix I. [ob. 274) or
Felix II. {ob. 358), both of whom are in Gorman (May 30,
July 29). Maximus of Riez points to the influence of Lerins,
of which he was abbot. He is no doubt Gorman's " Maxim "
entered on Nov. 27, which is his usual day. The insular names,
which, like the rest, are all in the genitive case, are :

Patrici, Patrick, ob. 493.

Patrici, Patrick (Sen-Phatric), of Glastonbury, Aug. 24

(O, T, G), ^^. 457 or 461.
Secundini, Sechnall, St. Patrick's nephew, Nov. 27 (O, G, D),

ob. 448.
Auxili, Auxilius or Usaille, bishop of Killossy or Killashee,

CO. Kildare, Aug. 27 (T, G, D), ob. 460.
Isernini, Iserninus, companion of St. Patrick.
Cerbani, Cerpan, bishop of Fert Cerpain at Tara, ob, 504.
Erci, Ere, bishop of Slane, Nov. 2 (O, G, D), ob. 512.
Catheri, Cathar. A Cathar, as Dr. MacCarthy remarks,

is included in the list of bishops (next to Iserninus)

in the Book of Leinster, 365^, but he is otherwise

unknown.
Ibori, Ibar, bishop of Becc-Eriu or Beggery Island, co.

Wexford, Apr. 23 (O, T, G, D), ob. 500.
Ailbi, Ailbe. See above, p. xxiv.
Conlai, Connla, bishop, May 10 (T, G, D), or another,

bishop of Ruscach or Rooskagh, co. Westmeath,

Dec. 30 (T, G, D).
Maicnissae, Maccnisse, bishop of Connor, Sept. 3 (O, G, D),

ob. 514; Mar. i. May i (T).
Moinenn, Moinenn, bishop of Clonfert, Mar. i (O, T, G, D),

ob. 570.
Senani, Senan, bishop of Inis Cathaig or Scattery Island,

CO. Clare, Mar. i (O, T, G, D), ob. 544.
Finbarri, Barr. See above, p. xxv.
Colmani, Colrrian, bishop of Cloyne, Nov. 24 (O, G, D),

ob. 600 ; or Col man, bishop of Lindisfarne (661-664)

and of Inisboffin, co. Mayo, Aug. 18 (O, T, G), ob. 6y6.

xxviii INTRODUCTION.

Cuani, Cua or Mo-Chua, of Cluain Dolcain or Clondalkin,
near Dublin, bishop, Aug. 6 (O, T, G, D).

Aedach. This appears to be the true reading, and an
Aedach or Aedhach is commemorated in G, D, on
Apr. 9. He is not, however, called a bishop and
Aedach is not a genitive form, as it should be here.
Possibly the dot over Ji is a punctuin delens applying
also to c. Aeda would then be the genitive of Aed,
and the saint may be identified with Aed mac Bricc,
bishop of Cell-air or Killair, co. Westmeath, Nov. 10
(O, G, D),^^. 588.

Laurenti, Laurentius, archbishop of Canterbury, ob. 619.

Melleti, Mellitus, archbishop of Canterbury, ob. 624.

lusti, Justus, archbishop of Canterbury, ob. 627.

Aedo, Aed, Aedoc or Maedoc, bishop of Ferns, Jan. 31
(O, T, G), ob. 624.

Dagani, Dagan, the " Daganus episcopus " whose name
appears in the letter of Laurentius, Mellitus and Justus
to the Irish Church,^ Mar. 12 (T, G, D). Probably
identical with Dagan of Inber Doile or Ennereilly, co.
Wicklow, Sept. 13 (O, T, G), ob. 639 or 642, though
the latter is spoken of (O, p. 206) as a priest.

Tigernich, Tigernach, bishop of Cluain Enis, or Clones, co.
Monaghan, Apr. 4 (O, T, G, D), ob. 549.

Muchti, Mochtae, bishop of Louth, Mar. 24, Aug. 9
(O, T, G), ob. 535.

Ciannani, Cianan, bishop of Duleek, co. Meath, Nov. 24
(O, G, D), ob. 489.

Buiti, Buite (Boetius), bishop of Monasterboice, co. Louth,
Dec. 7, (O, G, \:>\ob. 521.

Eogeni, Eogan, bishop of Ardstraw, co. Tyrone, Aug. 23
(O, T, G, 'D\ob. 618.

Declani, Declan, bishop of Ar^more, co. Waterford, July 24
(O, T, G, D), ob. circ. 540.

^ Bcde, Hist. Eccl. ii, 4. Probably it was owing to this letter that the names of
the three writers were introduced together into these diptychs, and it is from the
date of the death of Justus that Dr. MacCarthy dates the Missal in the second quarter
of the seventh century (p. 165) and S. Biiumer about 627-640.

INTRODUCTION. xxix

Carthuin^ or (possibly) Carthain. Perhaps (Aed) MacCar-
thainn, bishop of Cloghar, member of the household
of St. Patrick,^ Mar. 24 (T) and, as Fer da chrich,
Aug. 15 (T, G, D, cf. O, pp. 68, 100, 186). There
seems to be some confusion, however, between him and
another (Aed) MacCarthainn, al. Fer da chrich, abbot of
Dairinis, ob. 747,^ described in a note to the Felire,
Aug. 15 (p. 187), as a bishop and as "maternal uncle of
Mael-ruain (see next name), Oengus' tutor, and from
him Mael-ruain brought Fer da chrich's bell, which is
in Tallaght." In some verses quoted in the Martyrology
of Donegal, Aug. 15, he is called Maelruain's teacher.^
The absence of " Mac " before " Carthuin," which
would be a serious objection to the identification, may
be more apparent than real. On reference to the
facsimile it will be seen that " Carthuin " is at the
bottom of the fourth and last column of f. 327^, on a
line with, and close up to, " Colmani " at the bottom of
the third column, and that (for the reason given on
p. 16, note i) the name above "Colmani" has been
erased with the exception of " ni " at the end. There
must have been some reason for leaving these two
letters, and they were perhaps spared to serve as the
end of " Colmani " in the line below, and what has
there been read as " ni " is really " m," the abbreviated
form of " Mac " or " Maic " before " Carthuin." Else-
where in the case of MaicNissae the " Maic " has been
written in one line and " Nissse " in the line below, but
the scribe may have hesitated to write " Maic " at the
bottom of one page and " Carthuin " at the top of the
next and so took advantage of the erasure, which was

^ Printed " Carthuni " in the text (p. i6), but the other reading is more probable.
Mr. Plummer prefers "Carthaci" (Carthach, cf. p. xxv), regarding the abbreviation-
stroke for n as the top of a <: and making a combination of ha. Such a combination
however, is very unlikely, and there is no sign of the usual transverse stroke of a.

2 Tripartite Life, ed. W. Stokes, 1887, pp. 265, 574.

^ Annals of Ulster ; 742, Fotir Masters.

^ See Gwynn and Purton, " The Monastery of Tallaght," Proc. of R.I. A., xxix
§C, no. 5, 1911, p. 168.

XXX INTRODUCTION.

made before he reached the end of the next column, to
squeeze in the full name.
Maile-ruen. This name, which is the last in the series of
bishops and is also the only one, with the doubtful
exception of the two Patricks, which begins with a
capital initial, is of crucial importance for fixing the
date of the MS. Dr. MacCarthy takes Maile and
Ruen, which are in different lines, to be two distinct
names, identifying the first with Mel, bishop of Ardagh
(^<^. 488), while the other, which he regards as a phonetic
form of Ruadain, genitive of Ruadan, is presumably
Ruadan of Lorrha {pb. 585).^ There can, however, be
very little doubt that, as in the cases of Melchi-sedech,
Macha-beorum, Bartha-lomae and Maic-nissae, the single
rather lengthy name Maileruen (gen.) has been divided
between two lines so that it should not protrude into
the next column on the right ; and if this be so, it can
hardly represent any other than the well-known Mael-
ruain, bishop and founder of the monastery of Tallaght,
near Dublin, who died in 792 (July 9, O, G).

In support of this conclusion I have the high authority of
the Rev. C. Plummer,^ who kindly allows me to quote
the following communication : —

"As to Maile-ruen two things are in any case fairly certain :
{a) Maile is the genitive of Mael = bald, tonsured, and (i)
Ruen is phonetic writing for Ruadain, genitive of
Ruadan, the d softened and disappearing between
the vowels. The question whether we are to take this as
one name or two depends on whether the genitive Ruen
is governed by Maile or is an independent genitive
ranking with the other names in the list, which are in
the genitive. The former seems to me much the more
probable.

^ See above, p. xxv. Ruen may equally be a phonetic form of Ruain, genitive of
Ruan, a name quite distinct from Ruadan. See under Maelruain and Ruan in Kuno
Meyer's index to Rawlinson MS. B. 502, facs. ed., IQ09.

- See also letters of the late Prof. Whitley Stokes and the Rev. F. E. Warren in
The Academy, No. 778, Apr. 2, 1887, p. 238, and No. 792, July 9, 1887, p. 26, both
of whom identify Maile-ruen with St. Maelruain.

INTR ODUC TION. xxxi

" Names formed of Mael with a following proper name in
the genitive are very common, as you know, in Irish,
Mael-Isu, Mael-Eoin, Mael-Ciarain, etc., meaning the
tonsured slave of Jesus, of John, of Ciaran, etc.
When such names are declined, it is always the former
part Mael which is declined, the following genitive
being constant. Thus Maileruen would be the correct
genitive of Maelruen.

" On the otherhand Mael alone is hardly found as a separate
name. If it does so occur, it would either be a hypo-
coristic shortening of one of the many names beginning
with Mael, or a mere nickname, like " in Mael," the bald
one, applied to St. larlaithe. It occurs as a name of
one of the Druids opposed to St. Patrick ( Vita Trip.,
pp. 102-104), but as the other Druid is called Caplait
(= Capitilauium), it is obvious that these are made-up
names, the tonsured, the head-washed. Therefore the
chances seem to me enormously in favour of taking
Maileruen as a single name.

" The identification of Maile (gen.) with Mel of Ardagh I
regard as impossible. Only one MS. of the Felire
of Oengus writes his name Moel (Feb. 6). The
name is Mel, later Meal, showing that the /is not
mouille, and it seems to be indeclinable. The most
decisive case is the genitive. We have " Siur epscuip
Mel," sister of bishop Mel ( Vita Trip., p. 88), " a munigin
epscuip M61," in reliance on (lit. of) bishop Mel (Stokes,
Three Homilies, p. J2 = Lebar Brecc facs., p. 64b).

" As to the identification of him, I think he can only be the
great Tallaght saint. He must have been a well-known
man to get into the Litany, and the only other Mael-
ruain I have found in the Calendars is in the Lebar
Brecc copy of the Felire at Dec. iS.^ The two Mael-
ruains in the Four Masters, 880, 884, are probably too
late."
There are still thirteen more saints in the diptychs, who are

^ There is, however, a Maelruain, of Druim Raithe, in Gorman, Mar. 6 ; cf.
Oengus, p. 90.

xxxii . INTRODUCTION.

classified as priests and with four exceptions may be identified
with saints included in Moelcaich's Litany. The names are :

Uinniaui,! Finnic or Finnian, abbot of Clonard. See

above, p. xxiv.
Ciarani, Ciaran, abbot of Clonmacnois. See above, p. xxiv.
Oengusso, Genu or Oengus, successor of Ciaran, Jan. 20

(O, T). In G he is called a bishop.
Endi, Endae, abbot of Aran, Mar. 21 (O, G), ob. 542.
Gilde, Gildas Badonicus, Jan. 29 (O, T), ob. 570, or Gildas

the Elder, ^^. 512. T has a Gildas on Sept. 28, and

G another on Nov. 4.
Brendini, Brenann
Brendini, Brenann

Cainnichi, Cainnech )> See above, p. xxv.

Columba, Colombcille I

Columba, Colomb j

Colmani, Colman, abbot of Lynally, King's Co., Sept. 26,

Oct. 3 (O, G), ^^.610; or abbot of Clonard, co. Meath,

Feb. 8 (G), ob. 654. But there are twenty-one saints of

the name in O, and many more in G.

Comgelli, Com";all 1 o u

r. . r^ , r ^^^ above, p. xxv.

Coemgeni, Coemgen J

The result is that, excluding *' Maile-ruen," all the saints
commemorated in the above diptychs are of earlier date than
Samthann, who is the latest in Moelcaich's Litany. But on the
assumption that " Maile-ruen " is St. Maelruain of Tallaght, who
died in 792, it is obvious that the original text of the Missal
cannot have been written before the very end of the eighth
century, and must have come into the hands of Moelcaich and
have been revised by him at a later date still. Whoever he was,
his identity with Moelcaich, son of Flann, is therefore impossible,
unless, indeed, the words " Moelcaich scripsit" were copied from
the same older source as the text. This, however, is very
improbable, while on the other hand the fact that the Litany
includes no saint later than the first half of the eighth century
can be easily accounted for by its having been reproduced by

^ For this Latinized genitive (Finniaui, T) see also Thes. Palaeohib.^ ii, p. 283.

INTR OD UC TION. xxxiii

Moelcaich from his archetype just as he found it without the
addition of any names nearer his own time. Either on his own
initiative or under direction, the particular scribe to whom we
owe the diptychs or earher list of saints appears to have acted
differently. As there is a very considerable interval of time
between Maelruain and the latest of the other saints commemo-
rated it is reasonable to infer that this list also represents a tran-
script with the single exception of Maelruain's name, the inter-
polation of which, in its proper place at the end of the bishops
and with the unusual distinction of a large initial, marks it as
that of a more recent saint who for some reason was the object
of special veneration. Naturally his honour was greatest among
the fraternity of his own foundation, and we thus get, in addition
to an approximate date, a valuable clue to the place where the
MS. was written. Its monastic origin is evident from the inser-
tion in the canon (p. lo) of the words " et abbate nostro .n. epis-
copo," where the mention of the twofold dignity of abbot and
bishop is also not without significance. Moreover, if it came
from Tallaght, there is some slight evidence by which the posterior
limit of its date may be brought within twenty years from
Maelruain's death ; for otherwise one might expect to find in it
the name of another bishop and abbot of Tallaght besides that
of the founder. The list of members of the community of Mael-
ruain given in the Book of Leinster^ includes " Eochaid epscop
Tamlachta," whose death is recorded in the Annals of Ulster
under 8ii (812), " Echaidh episcopus et ancorita princeps
Tamlachta quieuit." Like his predecessor, he was regarded
after death as a saint, being commemorated on January 28, not
only in the Martyrology of Tallaght itself, but also in those of
Gorman and Donegal.^ The absence of his name from the hst
of commemorations,^ when Maelruain's was inserted, may there-
fore be taken to imply that it was completed while he was still
living ; and in that case his position as bishop and abbot makes

^ Facsimile ed., 1880, p. 370=.

^ The Felire of Oengus was completed before his death.

^ Mr. Plummer, however, would identify him with the Aedach (which he reads
Aechach) of p. xxviii. In that case the original text must be later than 812. But not
only is the reading Aechach extremely doubtful, but we should expect the name to
follow Maelruain's instead of being much higher up. ^^.^.«■«'^" _ T,^ '.' "" -^

STOWE. y^^"^ .Oj-'^'^^'ifvv,

UeRAR"(

xxxiv INTRODUCTION.

it also probable that the original part of the Missal was written
under his inspiration.

The hagiological evidence thus pointing to a date subsequent
at least to 792 and possibly before 812, it remains to be seen
how far there is palaeographical evidence to support or disprove
it. The script of the various original hands is rather stiff and
unformed and of an unusual type. So far, indeed, as I am
aware, there is nothing quite like it in any other extant Irish
MS., and it was possibly peculiar to Tallaght. From its general
appearance I should not myself be inclined to give it a date
before the end of the eighth century, and perhaps the nearest
approach to it, though on the later side, is in a MS. of Priscian
at St. Gall, No. 904, a page of which, showing two hands, is
reproduced in Prof. W. M. Lindsay's Early Irish Minuscule Script^
plate x.^ This MS. appears to have been written in Ireland,
probably in 845^ and is mainly by two scribes, Maelpatricc and
Coirbbre, two others, Finguine and Donngus, also having a small
share in it. Coirbbre's hand is seen in the first column of Prof.
Lindsay's plate, and except as regards r, which is minus-
cule,'^ the forms of letters resemble in many respects those in the
Missal. The two most characteristic letters in the latter are a
and ^, and if Coirbbre's a is not precisely similar, this is the case
in one of the other hands, viz., that of Donngus, where a, as
Prof. Lindsay describes it, " resembles u with a fine stroke
connecting the two horns," just as it so often does in our MS.
Coirbbre, however, does use the same open q, though with a less
pronounced curve at the top of the first stroke. At the same
time, this peculiar form of q is not a sign of late date, for it occurs
also in eighth century MSS., as, for instance, in the Durham
Cassiodorus,* said to have been written by Bede, as well as in a
Mercian charter of 793-4^ and in the Book of Armagh dated in

^ St. Andrews University Fnblications, No. vi, Oxford, 1910, p. 40.

^ So Giiterbock in Kiihn's Zeitschrift, xxxiii, p. 92, note, quoted by Prof. Lindsay
in Herniathcna, xviii, 1914, p. 44.

^ The majuscule form, as in the Missal, is in the Gospels of MacRegol, circ. 800,
Palaeographical Soc, Facsimiles, Ser. I, pi. 90.

■* Pal. Soc, Ser. I, pi. 164.

^ Brit. Mus. Add. Ch. 19790, Pal. Soc, Ser. I, pi. 12. Also in Brit Mus. Roy.
MS. 2 A. XX, 8th cent.

INTRODUCTION. xxxv

808.^ The abbreviations in the two MSS. are of the usual
Irish character and are practically identical ; but one at least of
the few instances in which they vary is significant, pointing to an
earlier date for the Missal. The importance for dating purposes
of the abbreviation-symbols of the cases of noster was shown by
Traube in Nomina Sacra^ and it is further illustrated and
enlarged upon by Prof Lindsay in his forthcoming Notae
Latinae. The conclusion to which their investigations lead is
that ni^ no, etc., do not survive later than about 815, by which
time they were finally abandoned for the less ambiguous nri^
nro, etc. Now in the St. Gall Priscian (845 ?), as in a Leyden
Priscian (838) and a Carlsruhe Bede (836-848), which are also
Irish MSS. that can be dated, nri, etc., are exclusively found,
whereas in the Stowe Missal we have both the ni and nri
forms. The full number of the abbreviations of one case or
another of noster is in fact sixty-two, of which, deducting
instances of nr {noster, 3; and of mere suspensions such
as nosl (4) and nostra?, thirty-seven are examples of the
two-letter symbol as against seventeen of the three-letter symbol.
But, although the former are thus in a large majority, when they
are examined it will be found that, with only two exceptions, viz.,
pi^eces nas (f 17) and patriarche ni (f. 2<^v), they all occur in the
frequently repeated and, so to say, stereotyped formula dni ni
lesu Christi and other cases of the same, and the probability is
that the scribes of the Missal copied them mechanically from
their archetype, while elsewhere, as a rule, they followed the
more modern system. At any rate the double usage seems to
mark a stage of transition such as might be expected shortly
before or after 800, and in fact it also obtains in the Book of
Armagh, the date of which is 808. There is a variation also in the
abbreviation symbol for quae, which in the Missal takes the
exclusively insular form q:- while in the St. Gall Priscian it is q.
Both these symbols, however, were in use by insular scribes
concurrently, and they are found together in the same MS., as,
for example, in the Schaffhausen Vita S. Adaninani^ as early

^ Lindsay, Early Irish Minusc. Script, pi. ix.

2 1907, pp. 204-237.

"^ Lindsay, Early Irish Minusc. Script, p. 4.

C 2

y

xxxvi INTRODUCTION.

as 713 and in the Book of Armagh very nearly a century later.
As Prof. Lindsay has shown, q is really the older symbol of
the two, being the ancient Nota for quae ; but when in course of
time quae came to be written que and in consequence was further
erroneously represented by the que symbol q- or ^;, insular scribes
devised the modification q:- as a means of distinguishing
between the relative and the conjunction and also perhaps,
as Prof Lmdsay suggests, to avoid further confusion with q^
which was their symbol for quern. This practice, however, did
not continue indefinitely, but gradually fell into disuse, while q
reasserted itself, and there is at least a strong presumption that
a MS. in which q:- is consistently employed, as in the original
part of the Stowe Missal, is earlier than 850.

On palaeographical grounds therefore, no less than for the
other reasons before stated, there seems to be sufficient warrant
for dating the original text in the early part, or even within the
first decade, of the ninth century. Nor is there any reason to
believe that Moelcaich's and the other additions are, as has been
supposed, so much as a century later. Although it differs
considerably from those of the original scribes, Moelcaich's hand
is nevertheless of quite as early a type.^ If his share in the MS.
was not indisputably later than the bulk of it, but was in a
separate volume altogether, there might even be some doubt
which was really the older, and probably the difference in style
is due rather to locality than to lapse of time. Taking the
noster \.Q.^\.^ a comparison of the two scripts yields much the same
result; for, although in most instances Moelcaich writes the
possessive — even on f 22, where it occurs nine times in ten lines
— without any abbreviation, there are still six examples of the
ni symbol and only one, nrae deuotionis (f. 21), of the uri symbol,
to which another, per dnm nrm (f 140), in the hand of the
second reviser (/;) may be added. Here again, however, the
shorter forms are all found in association with dhi, etc., and may
have been copied mechanically. With regard to quae, on the
contrary, there is a disagreement, for in place of q:- Moelcaich
invariably writes q, which, so far as it has any significance, points
to a later date. While on the whole none of the inserted matter

^ See Prof. Lindsay's plate from the Schaffhausen Adamnan already mentioned.

INTRODUCTION. xxxvii

seems to be later than the first half of the ninth century, it is quite
conceivable that the Missal was subjected to revision almost
immediately after it was written. This is the more likely if, as
I am inclined to believe, its primary object was to provide the
monastery of Tallaght, which at the beginning of the ninth
century was comparatively new and of growing importance, with
an authoritative ritual. The original text would in that case be
in the nature of a first draft derived from an archetype which,
judging from the saints named in it (exclusive, of course, of
Maelruain), may have been as early as the seventh century, while
the completed MS. as we now have it represents the shape ulti-
mately given to it after it had been revised with the aid of a
second archetype dating from about the middle of the eighth
century, and coming apparently from some other liturgical centre,
possibly Armagh.

Further evidence as to date and origin, confirmatory or other-
wise, may no doubt be drawn from the liturgical forms in the
respective texts. The object, however, of the present volume is
merely to give an edition of the text of the MS. in which its
component parts are carefully distinguished, and also to fix its
date so far as this can be done on other than liturgical grounds.
Without a special knowledge of liturgiology, to which I make no
pretence, it would be rash to enter upon other questions, and they
must therefore be left for those who are more competent to
deal with them adequately. This also applies to the contents of
the Irish treatise on the Mass which is added at the end of
the MS. But so far as its date depends on palaeographical
considerations, this tract does not appear to me to be any later
than the other insertions ; on the contrary, the hand has a rather
striking resemblance to that of the rubrics on ff. 57^^-582^, which,
although written in smaller characters than the text, are by one
of the original scribes. Besides a general similarity we find in it
the same majuscule r and the horned open q in addition to the
ordinary form, which is also the commoner in the rubrics ; more-
over, as in the original text, the suprascript abbreviation-stroke
for uin in -rum is placed to the right of the preceding r, and not,
as in Moelcaich's hand, above it.

The following, in addition to the usual nomina sacra

xxxviii INTRODUCTION.

symbols, are the abbreviations in the Latin words which occur
in the tract :

aect, aecclesia.
ciui, ciuitatem.

3 (a reversed c with cross-stroke, or, less correctly, the " eius "
symbol as on p. xiv), contra,
-f-, est.
7, et. «
fs, filius.
K, hoc.
•i-, id est.
I, in.

no, nomen.
pr, pat, pater.
p^ per {e.g., super),
p, prae (e.g., deprecor).
qri, quando.
q:, q3, que.
s, sed.

Most of the abbreviations in the Irish text are» of the nature
of mere suspensions, but they also include :

q., the symbol for "quia," used for its Irish equivalent "ar."

f, fo, for (upon).

•i-, idon^ (id est).

1, in (the, in).

7, ocus (and).

The same syllable-symbols are mostly used both in Latin
and Irish words. Those for cr, 7un, ur and lis, as well as the
hooked horizontal stroke for omitted ;;/, both final and medial,
are the same as in the Missal (p. xvi) ; also two dots are placed
over g and t for ra {e.g., Ir. grad, tra) and i over p for ri {eg.,
Lat. prius). In some cases also Latin word-symbols (s, q ;, etc.)
are used to express syllables in Irish words {e.g., issed, huisque
= huisce).

^ This form (which is found in the Book of Armagh) ought to have been printed
instead of "id est" in the text. It represents '* ed on," the Irish equivalent of the
Latin (Thurneysen, Altirischc Gratnniatik, vol. i, 1909, p. 24).

INTE OD UC TION. xxxix

As nothing in these criteria miHtates against an early date,
there need be Httle doubt that the tract is nearly, if not actually,
contemporary with the body of the MS. ; and the linguistic
evidence also seems to be in favour of this, for in alluding to
the suggestion that this tract and the three short Irish spells on
f. 6'jv are not earlier than the eleventh century the editors of
the Thesaurus P alaeohibernicus remark that, if this be so, the
language shows that the texts must have been copied from a
much older original. With regard to the date of the rougher
hands of the three spells, it is difficult to speak with any
confidence^ ; but my own impression of the whole MS. is
that from first to last it contains nothing later than the ninth
century.

Mention has been made above (p. ix) of the extracts from the
Gospel of St. John which occupy the first gathering (ff. i-ii).
These extracts are in a hand quite different from any of the
other hands in the volume, and they clearly have nothing to do
with the Missal and other liturgical matter. They have therefore
not been included either in the facsimile or in the printed text ;
but they nevertheless claim some notice with respect to their
character and probable date. Whether there was any particular
reason for binding them up with the Missal it is im.possible to
say, nor is the date of the binding at all certain. They may
conceivably have been prefixed out of reverence for the memory
of some notable personage, such as St. Maelruain, to whom they
had belonged. A note, however, to that effect might then have
been expected, and possibly the only reason for their inclusion
was the fact that the leaves on which they are written happened
to have the same dimensions as those of the other MS. The
portions of the Gospel comprised are : i-vi. 30 ; vii. 45-viii. 14 ;
viii. 19-33, umquam ; viii. 53, qui-59 ; xii. 9-39, credere; xvii.
II, Pater sancte-xviii. i; xviii. 4-13; xviii. 15, discipulus-23 ;
xix. 40-xx. 23 ; XX. 26-xxi, 6 ; xxi. 9-end. It is at once
apparent that these are not passages purposely selected to serve
as lessons or from any other intelligible motive, and some of

^ In addition to other abbreviations as in the tract, the first spell has z'-longa
with a cross-stroke for " inter." This, however, is a quite early Irish symbol.

xl INTRODUCTION.

them in fact break off abruptly in the middle of a sentence. The
explanation, as Dr. Bernard points out in his paper " On the
Stowe St. John,"^ seems to be that they were copied consecutively
from a mutilated archetype of unknown, but probably early, date
in which some leaves were lost, and others were torn or partially
illegible. At the same time there is evidence which suggests
that this defective Gospel of St. John is all that survives of a MS.
which contained at least one other Gospel, and perhaps the whole
four. It is curious that the rude miniature of St. John with his
eagle, reproduced here in Plate IX, is not placed at the beginning
of the Gospel, as is more usual, but at the end, on the back of the
last page of text (f. iiz;). The gathering, however, originally
consisted of twelve leaves, the first of which, as already stated,
has been torn away with the exception of a narrow strip along
the inner edge, and as a small fragment of a border similar to
that which incloses the figure of St. John is visible on the back
of this strip, it seems probable that the missing page contained a
miniature of St. Luke or one of the other Evangelists, which was
also placed at the end of his Gospel.

With the text of St. John, or so much of it as the MS. includes,
we are not here concerned, but the full collation given by
Dr. Bernard proves it to be in his own words " Vulgate with
traces, as is usual in Irish MSS., of old Latin 'mixture.'" In
default of any other evidence its date can only be judged from
the script, the first and last pages of which are reproduced in
Plates VII, VIII. It begins neatly and carefully, but soon
degenerates into a rather scratchy hand, becoming finally almost
cursive, with the sinuous vertical stroke which Prof Lindsay terms
" the Irish (or rather insular) cursive form of/."- This is specially
observable in the colophon, the text of which will be found below,
and which also shows the characteristic downward prolongation of
the final stroke of ;;/, ;/, it. Paragraphs begin on a new line with
a plain capital initial set well out in, the margin, the line being
continued on any vacant space left in the line above at the end
of the preceding paragraph. Apart from the miniature of
St. John, there is no other decoration except on the first page

^ See above, p. ix.

^ '* Irish Cursive Script" in Zcitschrift fiir Ccltische Philologies ix, p. 304.

INTRODUCTION. xli

(Plate VII), where the large ornamental capitals I N P are in black,
the other colours in letters and border being red, yellow, and
mauve. The key-pattern with lozenges in the N and in the
border is almost identical with that in the initial on the first
page of the Missal. Roth the orthographical peculiarities and
the abbreviations correspond generally with those in the Missal,
but unfortunately the noster symbols do not occur, and for quae
both 7] and q:- are used, the latter, however, being less common.
The abbreviations are :

ap, apud.

a, aut.

H, autem.

cs, cuius.

c, c, cum.

dt, dx, dcs, dr, dicit, dixit, dicens, dicitur.

9, eius.

41", enim.

go, ergo.

ee, esse.

-^, ^, est.

7, et.

ht, habet.

h, h, hs, he, haec, hoc, huius, hunc.

hois, hoem, hominis, -em.

1, in.

mm, ins, meum, meus.

mi, mihi.

no, noe, nomen, nomine.

n, non.

nc, nunc.

oine, oins, oina, omne, omnes, omnia.

p'', per.

po, post.

p, prae.

p, pro.

ppus, proprius.

propt, pt, propter.

qn, quando.

xlii INTRODUCTION,

qre, quare.

qsi, quasi.

q3, que.

q, q, q, qui, qua, quo.

q, q3-, quae.

5, quern.

q,, quam.

q., quod.

% quia.

qino, quomodo.

qm, quoniam.

qq, quoque.

qt. quot.

-f'dum, secundum.

s, sed.

s', sicut.

sn, sine.

st, sunt.

sup% super.

tii, tamen.

ti, tibi.

ts, trans.

tc, tunc.

un, unde.

1, uel.

uo, uero.

The syllable-symbols are : an inverted c for con ; a supra-
script horizontal stroke for er {e.g.^ inter, noster, pater, propter,
uerbum), for tim in -I'mn {e.g.^ nostrum, uirum), and for tin in
-runt ; i over/ for ri {e.g.^ prior, primum) ; a comma over / to the
right for iir {eg., moriatur, turba) ; and 3 for tcs in -bus, -mus, etc.
Final in is represented by a hooked horizontal stroke.

The scribe gives his name under an Ogham form in the
colophon, which is as follows :

" Deo gratias ago. Amen. Finit. Amen.
Rogo quicumquc hunc librum legeris. ut meminc
ris mei peccatoris. scriptoris . i . |,||||||| ||||||| " — pere
grinus Amen sanus sit qui scripsit. et cui scriptum est.

Amen."

INTRODUCTION. xliii

From left to right the Ogham name reads Sonid, in the
reverse way Dinos, Neither name is known elsewhere, but the
former is the more probable, and it has been suggested that in
the sentence which follows there is a play on the nearly homo-
phonous Irish word sonaid} happy, prosperous, and the Latin
saniis. The precise meaning of the epithet '' peregrinus " is
doubtful. Possibly the scribe was actually on a pilgrimage at
the time, or he may have been, as Bishop Graves suggests, a
foreigner who had come, like many others, to Ireland for the
sake of religious instruction or, on the other hand, an Irish
monk writing on the continent.

As regards the date of the Gospel, there has been almost as
much difference of opinion as in the case of the Missal. Dr. Todd
and Dr. MacCarthy make it seventh century, Dr. Bernard not
earlier than the end of the eighth century or beginning of the
ninth, L. Delisle not earlier than the ninth century, and S. Berger
tenth century.^ As Dr. MacCarthy and others have remarked,
the hand is to some extent similar in type to that of the scribe
Dimma, who wrote the first three Gospels in the well-known
Book of Dimma ; but the age of that MS. is also uncertain, and
it is the only one of those included in Prof Lindsay's Early
Irish MiniLscule Script to which he has not assigned a date. As,
however, it contains both the ni and nri symbols, with a preference
on Dimma's part for the latter, it is not likely to have been
written much before or after 800, and the similar date which
Dr. Bernard gives to the Stowe St. John is probably correct.
Moreover, as it was in that case quite possibly written before
792, it may after all owe its preservation with the Missal to
some connexion with St. Maelruain.^

^ See Whitley Stokes, *' Glossed Extracts from the Tripartite Life of St. Patrick "
in Archiv fiir Celtische Lexicographic, iii, 1907, p. 26, " Maccne Nadfraich fuaim
sonaid " — " The sons of Natfraich happy (?) sound."

^ Bernard, loc. cit., p. 314, note.

^ It is curious, but may be merely a coincidence, that a Dimman appears in the
list of members of the community of Maelruain in the Book of Leinstcr.

xliv INTR OD UC TION.

THE CUMDACH.

The importance attached to the volume by its former
possessors is shown by the Cumdach, or casket, which was made
to contain it, and which elsewhere than in Ireland would
probably have taken the more usual form of an elaborate metal-
work binding. It is one of five such characteristic early Irish
book-shrines which still survive.^ The other four belong to the
Gospels of St. Molaise- (i 001-102 5), the Gospels of St. Patrick
(nth century and circ. 1350), the Psalter of St. Columba ('1084)
and the Book of Dimma (i 150), the date in each case being that
of the Cumdach and not of the MS. itself; and besides these,
three more notable MSS. are known from historical sources to
have formerly been protected in a similar manner, viz., the Book
of Durrow (877-914), the Book of Kells (before 1007) and the
Book of Armagh (938). Like the rest, the Cumdach of the
Stowe Missal is undoubtedly of later date than the book which
it enshrined. This, however, is only what might be expected ;
for, unless a MS. was of exceptional splendour, such as the Book
of Kells, or for some other special reason, it was not likely to be
so distinguished until it had acquired, on account either of its
contents or its associations, the sanctity of a relic by course of
time.

Its form is that of a rectangular wooden box covered
externally with metal, and measuring altogether 7| inches by 6J
inches with a depth of 2 J inches. The two metal faces are
evidently of different dates. The older one (Plate II) is detached
and serves for a lid ; but the other (Plate I) is not only the more
highly decorated but even in its original state appears to have
been the upper face or front, for the figures on the four sides of
the Cumdach are so placed that they are upright when it lies
with this face uppermost. The basis of the under face, which,

^ G. Petrie, ChristiaJi hiscriptiois in the Iritii Language, ed. M. Stokes, vol. ii,
1878, p. 158; M. Stokes, Early Christian Art in Ireland, 1887, p. 88; J. R.
Allen, Celtic Art in Pagan and Christian Times, 1904, p. 208 ; G. Coffey, Guide
to the Celtic Antiquities of the Christian Period in the National Museum, Dublin,
1 9 10, p. 44.

- This MS., which, if it really belonged to St. Molaise, must have been older
than 563, has perished, though its Cumdach remains.

INTR ODUC TION. xlv

as being the older of the two, it will be convenient to describe
first, is a roughly squared oak board 7 inches long, 5f inches
wide and \ inch thick, with the surface worked smooth by a chisel.
Over this, attached by bronze nails, is a thin bronze plate with
projecting edges, which are slightly bent up all round. The
shallow depression thus formed measures j\ inches by 6|- inches.
It is filled by a rectangular bronze frame, | inch wide throughout,
bevelled at the inner edge and overlaid with a thin coating of
silver, which in some places has peeled off; and two similar
silver-coated plates of the same width intersect at right a,ngles in
the centre, forming a cross, the four limbs of which extend to the
frame. The four sunk panels between the cross and frame are
decorated with chequer-patterns of squares and triangles,^ the
former in the first and fourth quarters, the latter in the other
two. These designs are produced by punching through a thin
bronze plate (or perhaps a separate plate for each panel), coated
with silver, laid over the bronze plate first above mentioned and
under the frame and cross ; and, as the under metal is visible
through the pierced work, a good effect is thus produced by the
contrast between the silver and bronze. The darker metal was
also laid bare by punching a small square in the overlying silver
at each, corner of the frame and a small arc at each end of the
cross, the eight recesses thus made being decorated with chiselled
interlaced designs in slight relief. At a later time, evidently
when the other face of the Cumdach was designed, the silvered
plates forming the cross were rudely cut away at the point of
intersection for a space measuring 2| inches by 2\ inches, in
which a metal-work quatrefoil was inserted inclosing an oval
setting for a crystal, now lost, corresponding with that on the other
face, which will be described below. In its general features, includ-
ing the bronze plates coated with silver, the frame and cross, and
the panels of pierced work, this under face resembles one face of
the Cumdach of the Book of Dimma.^ There, however, the
panels are filled with zoomorphic interlaced designs and the
central crystal is not a later addition.

^ For a similar triangular design see a plate from a cast of a metal object in the
Albert Way Collection, J. R. Allen, op, cit.y p. 170.

^ Petrie, op. cit,^ vol. ii, p. loi ; M. Stokes, opt cit,^ p. 97, fig. 38.

xlvi INTRODUCTION.

The following inscriptions are cut in Irish characters round
the frame and on the cross, and as there is no reason to doubt
that they are contemporary, they enable us, as Dr. J. H. Todd
has shovvn,^ to fix the date of the Cumdach within comparatively
narrow limits. The four inscriptions on the frame are complete,
viz. : —

{a) At the top,

BENDACHT DE AR CECH AN
MAIN AS A HARILLIUTH-

2>., " A blessing of God on every soul according to its desert " ;
{b) At the bottom,

OR DO DiONDCHAD • MACC
BRIAIN • DO RIG HEREND

i.e.^ " A prayer {prait or oroif) for Donchadh, son of Brian, for
the king of Ireland " ;

{c) On the right, •

+ ecus • DO MACCRAITH • HU D
ONDCHADA • DO RIG CASSIL

i.e.y " and for MacRaith, descendant of Donchadh, for the king of
Cashel " ;

{d) On the left,

+ OR DO DUNCHAD • HU TACCAIN
DO MUINTIR • CLUANA • DO RIGNI

i.e., " A prayer for Dunchad, descendant of Taccan, of the family
of Cluain, who made it."

Donchadh, son of the famous Brian Borumha, for whom
prayer is asked in the second inscription, was joint king of
Munster with his brother Tadhg until the latter was treacherously
slain at his instigation by the tribesmen of Eli ua Cerbhaill, or
O'Carroll, in 1023.^ Subsequently he appears to have claimed to

1 ** On the Ancient Irish Missal and its Silver Box described by Dr. O'Conor in
his Catalogue of the Stowe MSS.," Trims. R.l.A.^ vol. xxiii, pt. ii, 1S59,
Antiquities, p. 3.

2 Annals of Tighernach, ed. W. Stokes, Krviie Celtiqtiey xvii, 1S96, p. 362. ; cf.
Annals of Ulster {td. Ilennessy, 1887, i, p. 551) and Annals of the Four Masters
(ed. O'Donovan, 1851, ii, p. 805) vmder 1023.

INTRODUCTION. xlvii

be over-king of Ireland, but he was driven out of the country in
1064 S'lid went on pilgrimage to Rome, where he died in the
monastery of St. Stephen. The death of MacRaith, king of
Cashel, for whom prayer is also asked, is recorded in 1052, the
Annals of Tighernach styling him king of the Eoghanacht Caisil,
who were a tribe settled about Cashel in Tipperary, and heir to
the kingdom of Munster. From the fourth inscription we learn
that the Cumdach was the work of Dunchad O'Taccan, or
O'Tagan, of the family, or religious community, of Cluain, by
which, no doubt, is meant the famous monastery of Clon-
macnois in King's County, but beyond this nothing is recorded
of him.

The two inscriptions on the cross are unfortunately both
imperfect owing to the mutilation it has suffered in the centre,
as above described. The letters remaining on the vertical plate
are : —

+ OR DO MAIN • H

U CAT . . . [las ANJdERNAD

i.e.y " A prayer for main, descendant of Cat ... by {i.e.^

for) whom it was made."

Dr. Todd and Miss Stokes read " nain " for "main" at the end
of the first line, but the 111 is unmistak^able. The t in " Cat" in
the second line is followed by the remains of a vertical stroke,
probably belonging to h ; and the final stroke of an n before
" dernad " is also visible. Altogether about ten letters appear
to be missing in each line, or only seven, if, as is probable,
the vertical plate was interrupted by the width of the hori-
zontal plate crossing it. Any attempt to fill in the names
must be purely guesswork, but there is no doubt as to the end of
the inscription, which is the common phrase used in giving the
name of the person for whom, or at whose cost, an object was
made.^ In this case he was presumably some adherent of Don-
chadh mac Briain.

^ e.g.^ on the Cross of Cong, "or do Therrdel u Concho do rig Erend las
anderrnad ingressa," i.e.^ "A prayer for Terdelbach ua Conchobair, king of Ireland,
by whom this work was made," Coffey, Guide, p. 56. So also on the Cumdach,
now lost, of the Book of Durrow, Petrie, Christian Inscriptions , vol. ii, pp. 146, 158.
See Thesaurus Falaeohib., vol. ii, p. 289.

xlviii INTRODUCTION.

The inscription on the arms of the cross is still more hope-
y mutilated, all that is left being

+ OC[US DO] IND

HU D LAIG

i.e.., " and for ind, descendant of D laig."

Dr. Todd reads "and" at the end of the first line, but the
antepenultimate letter is clearly not <?, which is formed quite
differently. It is more like i preceded by c or possibly/, only
the curved top of which remains, the sloping straight stroke
beneath it being evidently a prolongation of the cut made by
the mutilating chisel. In the second line the third letter has
been read as t. Judging, however, from the roundness of the
curve at the bottom, it is almost certainly a mutilated d.

As Donchadh mac Briain and MacRaith were both, no doubt,
still living when the Cumdach was made, its date must thus lie
between 1023 and 1052. It is not said that they had any share
in the making of it, and whether their names were inscribed for
any special reason other than merely a sentiment of loyalty on
the part either of the unknown person for whom it was made or
of the actual artificer, Dunchad O'Tagan, it is impossible to say.
Reasons have been given above for the belief that the Missal
originally belonged to the monastery of Tallaght, near Dublin,
in Leinster. The Cumdach, however, has apparently a Munster
provenance, and if it was expressly made for the purpose of
enshrining the MS., it is not only evident that the latter was
regarded two hundred years after it was written as a sacred
relic, but it would seem that it was then no longer at Tallaght,
but in Munster. Dr. Todd's theory, which has been accepted by
others,^ was that, as the Cumdach was connected by its inscrip-
tions with Munster, the Missal belonged from the first to some
Munster church, which he supposed to be the monastery of
Lothra, or Lorrha, in Tipperary, going so far, indeed, as to
suggest that the book may have been the original Missal of
St. Ruadan, the founder. As St. Ruadan died in 585, this is

^ " There seems little reason to doubt the propriety of Dr. Todd's suggestion that
this Missal, and the Cumdach in which it was preserved, belonged originally to the
Irish monastery of Lorrha," Petrie, Clirisiian Inscripiious^ vol. ii, p. 97.

INTRODUCTION. xlix

out of the question ; and not only is there really no evidence what-
ever of any early connexion of the Missal with Lorrha, but even
the Cumdach is less likely to have come from there than from
Clonmacnois, of which house Dunchad O'Tagan, who wrought it,
calls himself a member. If the MS., on the other hand, was
originally atTallaght, it may have been carried off in 1026, when
it is recorded in the Annals of Tighernach^ and of Ulster that
Donchadh mac Briain invaded Leinster among other parts and
exacted pledges or hostages. Books had the merit of being
easily portable, and, especially when sanctity attached to them,
they were regarded in Ireland as valuable property. How they
were utilized in raids and the inter-tribal warfare which was so
frequent is shown by a curious note in the MS. known as the
Leabhar na h-Uidhri,^ the translation of which is as follows : —

" A prayer here for Aedh Ruadh, son of Niall Garbh
O'Donnell, who forcibly recovered this book from the people of
Connaught, and the Leabhar Gearr (or Short Book) along with
it, after they had been out of our custody from the time of Cathal
6g O'Conor to the time of Ruadri, son of Brian [O'Conor] ....
And this is the way in which they were so taken : the Short
Book in ransom of O'Docharta and the Leabhar na h'Uidhri in
ransom of O'Donnell's ollamh of history, who was captured by
Cathal and carried away as a pledge."

These two MSS., it appears, were lost in 1359 and recovered
in 1470. As I am informed by Mr. Robin Flower, Laud MS.
Misc. 610 in the Bodleian Library (written in 1454) also
contains a note which states that Thomas, Earl of Desmond,
took the book in ransom for Edmund Butler. Both these are
comparatively late instances, but it is by no means improbable
that the Missal was similarly taken from Tallaght in pledge
or ransom, or possibly as mere booty, during Donchadh's
invasion of Leinster in 1026, and that it was enriched with a
shrine by the person into whose hands it fell or who was entrusted
with its custody. If this was so, the date of the shrine may be

^ " 1026. A hosting by (Donnchad) son of Brian, so that he took hostages of the
men of Meath and Bregia and the Foreigners and Leinster and Ossory," ed.
W. Stokes, op. cit., p. 365.

2 Leabhar na h-Uidhri^ facsimile ed., R.I. A., ed. J. T. Gilbert, 1870, p. x.
STOWE. d

1 INTKODUCTIOX.

placed in that year or soon after, or approximately about 1030,
so that it would be nearly contemporary with the more highly
decorated shrine of the Gospels of St. Molaise, which was made
between lOOi and 1025 ; and from the inscriptions on its other
face it is evident that, together with the MS., it was still in
Munster three centuries later.

But before dealing with these more recent additions, it will be
well to describe the four sides of the shrine, where the whole of
the metal-work appears to be of the same date as the older face.
The wooden foundations of two of the adjoining sides, which
measure respectively 7 inches and 5| inches in length, and are
uniformly \\ inch wide and \ inch thick, are also original ;
those upon the other two sides seem to have been renewed at a
comparatively modern date. Except on the lower short side or
bottom of the casket the bronze plates riveted to the wood have
their edges bent upwards ; their ends meet at the four corners,
but are not connected together. In the centre of each of the
short sides (Plates III, IV) a circular metal ornament of identical
size and design is nailed to the underlying plate. The outline of
the circle, which has a diameter of if inch, is composed of the
long slim curved bodies and tails of two beasts, probably meant
for lions, whose widely gaping jaws are fixed on either side of the
head of a winged human figure, full-face, standing between them.
The head of this figure is bullet-shaped,^ and the nose, if it ever
existed, is quite worn away ; the hair is indicated by incised lines,
and there are also incised lines round the eyes and mouth. The
eyes themselves, as in the case of the two beasts also, are
represented by tiny black or dark blue beads embedded in the
metal. The figure is apparently half-naked, wearing no more than
a kilted skirt reaching nearly to the feet, which are bare. In the
middle of the breast a small square hole is sunk in the metal and
lined with silver wire ; in one case it is filled by a shining red
stone (garnet ?), in the other it is now empty. The arms, if they
can be called so, are extended and terminate in what appear to
be intended for wings, hanging down perpendicularly. In the
upper part of them the metal is hollowed out so as to form a

1 It may be compared with that of the symbol of St. Matthew on the Cumdach of
the Gospels of St. Molaise, Coffey, Guides Plate viii.

INTRODUCTION, li

circular cavity, which is inlaid with dark blue cloisonne enamel
round an inserted silver wire bent into a spiral. In one wing at
the bottom of the casket (Plate IV) the enamel and spiral have
perished. At the lower pointed end of the wings the feathers are
represented by transverse lines. On the necks and flanks of the
two beasts the metal is also cut away, except at the extreme edge,
and the cavities are filled with similar blue enamel divided by
zigzag and 8-shaped cloisons. Their forelegs rest on the shoulders
of the central figure, while the hindlegs extend upwards along
the inner edge of the wings. Their shoulders and thighs, through
which pass the pins fastening the design to the plate below, are
decorated with spiral chasing. The whole design is worked out
of a single disc of bronze, which is pierced through its entire
thickness between the figures. Traces of gilding with which its
surface was covered are still visible.

On the top of the casket (Plate III) out of four other small
decorated plates which were originally attached to the plain
metal backing only one is now left. Its upper and lower edges
are straight, but its sides are concave, one of them fitting close up
to the circular design above described. The plate is of bronze
overlaid with silver, and is cut through so as to leave a spiral and
interlaced pattern of metal. At the bottom of the casket
(Plate IV) a similar pierced plate remains on each side of the
central circle, one exhibiting a chequer pattern, the other, which
is imperfecta pattern of small circles connected by short intersect-
ing diagonal bars. In all these cases a very thin sheet of gilt-foil
separates the pierced plate from the bronze backing. The four
semicircular end-pieces, which probably contained gilded figures
in relief, like that in the centre, have unfortunately all perished.

Five small bronze plates, all being rectangular, were similarly
attached by nails to the backing on both the longer sides of the
casket (Plates V, VI), but one of the end-pieces is missing from
each side. On the right of the casket (Plate V) the centre-piece,
if inch in height and i^ inch in width, has a narrow beaded
frame, within which is the figure of a bearded man, full-face, in
high relief, between two beasts, who are leaping up at him. He
appears to be without clothing, except a loin-cloth or short
drawers, and his bare feet project over the frame. He holds in

lii INTRODUCTION.

front of him with both hands a short sword, apparently sheathed,
the pommel terminating in a semi-spherical knob. The two
beasts have beads for eyes and striated bodies with spiral joints
at the shoulders and thighs. They most resemble dogs in shape ;
but the design is probably a debased representation of Daniel in
the lions' den. This was a motive common in early Christian art.^
It frequently occurs on sculptured stones in Ireland and Scotland- ;
and it is possible that the two figures at the top and bottom of
the Cumdach already described are another variation of it, though
it is difficult to account for the wings.^ Above these beasts are
two others, much smaller and more attenuated. Their feet are
on the sides of the frame and their heads and necks are bent
backwards as if they were biting or licking the ears of the
central figure, while the ends of their tails appear to be in the
mouths of the larger beasts. Where the metal is cut through
between the figures, the surface below is dimly seen to be covered
with a pattern. The single end-piece that remains is i inch wide,
and has a beaded frame similar to that in the centre, though the
beading is less distinct. It contains the figure of a warrior in
profile to the right, holding a spear and a round shield with large
central boss. His head has a strange appearance, with long hair
curling up at the ends. It strongly resembles that of a horseman,
with spear and shield, on a sculptured stone on Inchbrayock at
the mouth of the S. Esk.* Possibly, however, he is wearing a large
semi-classical helmet drawn down so as to cover the whole face,
with orifices for the eyes, and surmounted by a crest and droop-
ing plume. The figure has no visible clothing except round the
loins. It is cut in the round out of the bronze, and the plain
metal backing is seen beneath. Both this plate and that in the

^ See Edm. Le Blant, " Note sur quclques representations antiques de Daniel dans
la fosse aux lions " in the Revtie de PArl Chritien^ ser. ii, tome ii, p. 89, with No. 4,
from a Merovingian buckle, in plate opposite ; also Inscriptions Chrctiennes de la Gaule^
i, p. 493, ii, pi. 42, 43, Nojiveaii Rccueil oi the same, 1892, nos. 45, 93, pp. 61, 112,
and Harriere-Flavy, Les Arts Inditstriels de la€ajile, Album, 1901, pi. xxxvii-viii.

'^ See Dr. Jos. Anderson's Rhind Lectures for 1892 in J. R. Allen's Early Christian
MonuDients of Scotland, 1903, vol. i, p. 1. ; J. R. Allen, Celtic Art, p. 296.

^ There is a very similar figure, but without the wings, between two beasts on the
cross at Drumcliff near Sligo, O'Neill, Fine Arts of Ancient It eland, 1863, p. 31.

•* J. R. Allen, Early Chr. Mon., vol. ii, pi. 235B. For hair of similar fashion see
Atlas de Parc/u'ologie dii Not'd, Copenhagen, 1857, pi. iv-viii, xi, xii.

INTRO D UC TION, liii

centre have evident signs of gilding. The other two plates on
the same side of the casket are of silvered bronze, and are per-
forated over their whole surface in patterns, consisting in one case
(where there is a sheet of gilt-foil beneath) of spirals and inter-
laced work, as in Plate III, and in the other of small hollow
squares connected by narrow vertical and horizontal bands
bisecting their sides, so that the spaces between the squares are
cruciform. A similar design is on the under face of the Cumdach
of St. Columba's Psalter.

The same patterns, or very nearly so, are repeated on two of
the plates on the left side of the casket (Plate VI). The former,
however, is turned completely round, and in this position is strongly
suggestive of a conventional tree with spiral and interlaced
branches.^ Both plates on this side have gilt-foil beneath them.
The plate in the centre contains four figures in high relief, but
the metal is not, as elsewhere, pierced right through, nor is the
design enclosed within a frame. Two of the figures, one on each
side, are ecclesiastics vested in a dalmatic and chasuble, standing
erect, full-face. Their chasubles are decorated with incised bars
filled with gilding and with a border ororphrey of small ovals set
side by side, and a similar border fringes the bottom of the dal-
matic. The figure on the right holds a pastoral staff with a
plain rounded crook, the other an oblong object widening slightly
towards the lower end, with a round handle at the top and a
small wedge-shaped projection at the bottom. Its surface, except
at the edges, is covered with cross-hatching. From its shape it no
doubt represents one of the portable bells common in the Irish
Church,- the projection at the bottom being the end of the clapper.
Between the two ecclesiastics are two smaller figures, one above
the other. Tiiat at the top is an angel with his wings folded in
front of him ; the other is a human figure seated sideways on
a low stool with his head turned to the front and his hands
on a three-stringed harp. It is probably meant for David,
introduced as a type of Christ, as in a panel under the
Crucifixion on a sculptured stone at Monifieth.^ The eye-sockets

^ As in the scene of the Fall on the Drumcliff cross (above, p. Hi, note 3).
- M. Stokes, op. cit., p. 50 ; J. R. Allen, Celtic Art, p. 194.
^ J. R. Allen, Early Christian Symbolism, p. 149.

d 2

liv INTRODUCTION.

in all four figures were filled with beads. The identity of the
two large figures is doubtful ; but a " pair of ecclesiastics, some-
times standing, sometimes enthroned, sometimes kneeling, with
a bird holding a circular disc in its mouth between them, is a
subject common to the early sculptured stones of both Scotland
and Ireland."^ This may be another example, with an angel
instead of a bird, unless, indeed, the winged figure is really
meant for a bird. In the case of a cross at Nigg, in Ross-shire,
Dr. Anderson takes the two ecclesiastics to be the hermits St. Paul
and St. Anthony, and the bird would then be the raven which
brought them a loaf in the desert. This is the more probable,
as on the Ruthwell Cross, where the two (without the bird) are
sharing a loaf, these names are given in an inscription. On this
side of the casket also only one end-piece has been preserved.
It represents within a beaded frame a stag hunted by two dogs,
upon one of which he is trampling, while the other attacks him
from behind. Above the stag's neck is what seems to be the
point of an arrow or spear shot or held by a hunter who is not
included in the design. There are spirals on the shoulders and
thighs of all three beasts, and the stag has serrated antlers and
striated flanks. The design is made by piercing the bronze, and
the surface is flat and not in relief like that of the centre-piece.
In both cases the gilding in some parts is still adhering.

We come now to the other face, or front, of the Cumdach
(Plate I), the decorative features of which obviously mark a later
stage in its history. What became of the original decoration —
whether it had perished or was ruthlessly destroyed, or whether
after all what is now the under face was originally in the front
and was removed to the back to make room for a new front — we
cannot say. The wooden foundation of the later face and the
bronze plate, or perhaps merely edging, laid immediately upon it,
appear to be original, resembling those on the face alread)'
described ; and the same is perhaps the case with another plate
which covers the first up to a short distance from its upturned

^ J. R. Allen, Cellic Aii^ p. 300. Anderson, Early Christian Monuments, p. liv.
Examples occur in Ireland at Kells, Monasterboice, Moone Abbey, Castle Dermot
and Ardboe. On one cross at Kells the two ecclesiastics are associated with David
slaying the lion, Allen, Christian Syniho/isiii, \). 234.

I

^1

INTRODUCTION. Iv

edges. Silver plates, f inch wide, are attaclied to the backing on
all four edges so as to form a rectangular frame. They do not,
however, meet at the corners, and those at the top and bottom
are now imperfect. The inscriptions upon them will be given
later on.

The centre is occupied by a highly ornate cross, the four
extremities of which are soldered down to the plates of the
frame. The four limbs of the cross are of bronze with a raised
edging and middle line composed of a curb-link chain of fine
gilt wire ; and small pyramidal bosses, formed by narrow strips of
gilt metal with a toothed upper edge turned round a central cone,
are set upon the flat surface with other plain round-headed gilt
studs between them. The ends of the vertical shaft of the cross
are decorated with two oval rock-crystals. The one at the top is
in a plain silver setting bent inwards, surrounded by two borders
of twisted gilt wire. The setting of the other is deeper and has
serrated teeth ; round it is a low wall of silver, serrated along the
top, with a frame beyond consisting of two rows of twisted gilt
wire on each side of a flat surface decorated with minute gilt
beads arranged in triangles of three and six alternately. At the
end of the arm on the right, in a setting like that at the top,
there is a round green chalcedony-like glass bead with a slightly
concave surface, and on the left, in a similar setting, there is an
opaque white circular object with a central hole drilled through it,
perhaps for threading. Its nature is dithcult to determine with-
out removing it, but it is possibly a bead of coral. In the centre
of the cross is a large oval rock-cr)'stal i| inch long and i^ inch
wide and rising \ inch above the surface. It is polished in such a
way as to leave a dividing ridge midway from top to bottom and
it is backed (as is also the case with the two smaller crystals)
with some substance which imparts a rosy tint to it when viewed
from above. It is in a plain gilt setting with projecting clamps
and is inclosed within a quatrefoil of metal and twisted wire,
with the interior of each foil filled with cusped Gothic tracery
over green enamel. In the angles outside the quatrefoil there are
four stones in raised gilt settings, viz., a sapphire (?) at the top
and bottom and an almandine garnet on each side. The centre-
piece which was inserted at the same time on the other face of

1 V i /N 7JWD UC TION.

the casket (Plate II) is of the same design, but does not appear to
have had any gilding. All its five stones have perished, together
with the enamel and most of the tracery in the quatrefoil. On
the more modern face now being described thin silver-gilt plates
are inserted in the four panels between the cross and the framing,
the edges of which overlap them and help to keep them in
place. A figure is rudely engraved on each of them on a back-
ground of toothed horizontal hatching, the incised lines being
filled with niello. The two panels on the left contain the
Crucifixion and the Virgin, who is crowned, but without a
nimbus. She holds the Child on her left arm and in the right
hand a small round object, apparently either an orb or an apple.
In the upper panel on the right is a saint, without nimbus,
holding a book, probably meant for St. John, though the figure is
more like a female. In the lower panel is a bishop with chasuble,
mitre and pastoral staff with foliated head ; his right hand
(which is very much out of proportion) is raised in benediction
and shows a large episcopal ring.

An approximate date for the later face can be ascertained
from the inscriptions at the top and on the right of the frame,
which read continuously, viz. : —

►I<OR DO P'LIB U [CINNEIDIG]

DO RIG • URMU[MAN LAS]

AR CUMDAIGED • IN MINDSA • 7 DO AINI • DAM

NAI >^ DOMNALL • O TOLARI • DOCORIG MIST

/>., " A prayer for Philip O'Kennedy, for the king of Ormond, by
whom this relic was covered, and for Aine his wife >J< Domhnall
O'Tolari decorated me."

Of Domhnall O'Tolari,^ who names himself as the artificer, and
who was probably responsible for the mutilation of the older work,
nothing is known, but the Annals of the Four Masters record the
death of Philip O'Kennedy, lord of Ormond, and Aine his wife,
daughter of Macnamara, under the year 1381.- The work must

^ The final letter is certainly /, but, as the name O'Tolari is not otherwise known,
Dr. Todd suggests it is a mistake for c or i^,

- Vol. iv, p. 682, ** I'ilib ua Cinneidig tigcarna Uimuman 7 a bean Aine ingean
meic Conniara do eec."

INTR OD UC TION. 1 vii

therefore have been executed before that date and may be
placed approximately about 1375-
The inscription on the left is :

>I< OR DO GILLARUADAN U MACAN •
DON COMARBA LASAR CUMDAIGED

2>., " A prayer for Gillaruadan O'Macan, the successor, by whom
this was covered."

Gillaruadan O'Macan, who thus appears to have borne a
part of the cost of the later decoration or to have otherwise
had some share in the credit of it, is also unknown. The name
means " Servant of Ruadan," and it is possible therefore that,
as Dr. Todd suggests, he was the comharb or successor of
St. Ruadan as abbot of Lorrha, which was in Lower Ormond,
in Munster.

At the foot of the frame there are fragments of a fourth
inscription, the lost portions of which on the right it is impossible
to reconstruct. All that remains is :

►!< OR : DO (?) AE

C : HU CE!

The monogram which follows " Or[oit] " may be read as
above, or perhaps " d' " ; and in the next line " hu cei " represents
the name " O'Cein," which belonged to a Munster family. This
inscription seems to be in a different hand and is possibly
somewhat later than the rest ; and it will be observed that it
includes some characters of Gothic type.

Although it may be assumed that O'Conor had sufficient
reason for his statement that the Missal with its shrine was
discovered on the Continent by John Grace towards the end of
the eighteenth century, there is not the slightest evidence to show
when and under what circumstances it left Ireland. If it were
not for the above inscriptions on the later face of the shrine, it
might have been thought that Donchadh mac Briain took it
abroad with him when he went on his enforced pilgrimage in
1064 ; and it has in fact been suggested that it was among the
gifts sent to the Irish monastery at Ratisbon by Tordelbach
O'Brien, king of Munster, in 1130.^ As there is proof from the

^ Petrie, Christian Inscriptions^ vol.

Iviii INTRODUCTION.

inscriptions that it still remained in Ireland in the second half
of the fourteenth century, this supposition is no more admissible
than the other, and unless further light comes from some
unexpected quarter the history of the MS. from that time until
it came into the possession of John Grace must remain an
absolute blank.

In conclusion, it is my pleasing duty to express my cordial
thanks to those who have assisted me in this edition of the
Stowe Missal in various ways. I am much indebted for
criticism and suggestions to the Rev. E. S. Dewick and the
Rev. H. A. Wilson, and to Mr. J. A. Herbert for his careful
transcript of the MS. On Irish palaeography I have had
valuable aid from Professor W. M. Lindsay, of St. Andrews ; on
Irish hagiology and philology from the Rev. C. Plummer and
my late colleague Mr. Robin Flower, who is cataloguing the
Irish MSS. in the British Museum ; and in connexion with the
Cumdach from Mr. O. M. Dalton and Mr. Reginald Smith, of
the British Museum, and the Rev. Dr. Lawlor, of Dublin.
Finally, I have to thank the Council of the Henry Bradshaw
Society for much indulgence in the long delay in completing the
present volume.

G. F. W.

PLATES.

II.

M'OQ'-

"i^^mm^m^ftnrmm»

.V

f

f

VII.

ttin 1>urn

itirAiltiAidtfi , .<,»<

THE STOWE ST. JOHN, FO. 1.

VIII.

f^ l1c 6-1^1 \iolc TnanO^^ oon^vi^ic rjtfuM4>-rf^'-
^(nl^iYojv tT^My^^in^ wCy^vf 6cp mf t i^ctvl bOi Ji ^,,^

fe

THE STOWE ST. JOHN, FO. 11.

MEOM£-^^^

IX.

^■jj

^4:4

•, WM

\ /;'

.^.

THE STOWE ST. JOHN, FO. HZ^.

11

THE STOWE MISSAL.

PRINTED TEXT.

STOWE. B

[ORDINARIUM MISSAE.]

Letania^ apostolon/w ac martirww sancfonwi \con'\{esounn et [fo. 12.
uirginum incipit •.• T>eus m adiutoriuw meum : xAiqua

Peccauim?/^^ doviinQ Peccauim^/j parce peccatis nostris et
salua nos q?/i gubernasti noe sup^r undas dilui" exaudi nos
et iona;;/ diabiso"^ xxerho reuocasti libera nos q?n petro mergenti
manu;;/ porrexisti auxiliare nobis christQ fili d^i ficisti [fo. I2v.
mirabilia dr'/z^/ni^ c?/w patrib^/j- nostris et n^^-^fn's pr<9pitiare tem-
porib?/i" emite manuw tua;;^ de alto libera nos chn>/e audi nos
chr/j"/e audi nos christ^ audi nos eyrie elezion^

Sajictd. maria Sancto: tathei^

Sa?ictQ petri S^;^c/e madiani'^

Sa?icte pauli Sancte marce

SanctQ anrias' Saitcte. lucae

Sancte. iacobi Om;^es sanct'i orate "pro nobis

Sancte bartholomai Propitius esto parce nobis

Sancte tomae domino, p^-t'pitius esto libera nos do7mne

Sancfe mathei ab om^^i malo libera nos d^;//me

Sancte iacobe per crucem tu3.7/i libera nos d6';;2/ne

/: Oratio augustini^'^ [fo. 13.

pr^'feta omnes iustitae^^ nostrse sicuf pannus menstruate i;zdigni sumiis
lesu chr/i'/e ut simz/i" uiuentes sed tii q?/i non uis morte;;^ peccatoris da
nobis ueniaw in carne «Tf^^zstitutis ut per penitentise labores uita ddterna.
p^Hruamur in caelis :~ -per do?7iim^Yn

j\ Rogo^^ te deus, zabaoth altisime p^.tersanctQ uti me tonica

^ This heading is in a later hand {h) in the margin at the top of the page.

^ The same Litany is printed by Warren, The Liturgy and Rihial of the Celtic
Church, 1 88 1, p. 179, from a single leaf in an Irish hand of the eighth or ninth century
in St. Gall MS. 1395. ^ Yox '' diluuii."

■* For "de abysso." 5 "domine," St. Gall MS.

* For "eleison." ' For "Andreas."

8 For "Thaddsee.^' ^ For " Matthia."

'^^ This title is in the same hand {b) as that on f. 12. It refers to the prayer
" Rogo te " below, to the left of which is a corresponding reference mark (/• ). The
intervening lines are in a different hand (rt), viz. that of Moelcaich (see below,
p. 18), and in blacker ink. They replace text in the original hand, which was erased,
alid are the conclusion of the prayer on f. 31 (p. 14). The proper place of the two
inserted leaves 30 and 31 is therefore between f. 12 and f. 13.

" For "iustitise."

^'^ In the " Missa a Mathia Flacco Illyrico edita" (Martene, ed, 1788, i. p. 177), a
ninth century Troyes Pontifical {ib. p. 190), a ninth century Tours Missal {ib. p. 193),
a Reims Pontifical {ib. p. 195), a tenth century Corbie Sacramentary {ib. p, 203),
and elsewhere. See Warren, p. 250, note 7.

B 2

4 7'HE STOWE MISSAL.

castitatis digneris accingere et meos lu7;/bos balthco^ tui timoris^
awbire ac rencs cordis mei tuae caritatis igne urire^ ut pr^
peccatis mei's possim i;?t^rcedere et adstantcs^ populi peccatorum
uenia;// pr^miriri^ ac pacificas singuloru;;/ hostias i;;^molare me
quoq//^: \.ib\ audacit^^r accidentem'' n^;;/ sinas <neq/<'^ permittas'>
penre sed dignare lauare ornare et lenit^r*^ suscipere :^ <pr^sta>
per do?um?/Tn nostn/m : ^

Jlcsc^ oratio in owni misa cantat//;^ [fo. 13V.

Ascendat oratio nostra, usque ad tronu;;/ claritatis tuae
do?/n'ne et ne uacua reu^rtatur ad nos postulatio nostra. -.^
per:^

in solie;;mitatib/^5 petri e/ chris/i -.•

Deus^^ qui beato petro apostolo tuo ^d7;/latis clauib?/^" regni
caelestis animas ligandi ditque soluendi pontificiu;;^ tradidisti
suscipe pr^'pitius prices nostj^a.s et i;/t^rcessione ezus q[ue]su;//^^i"
d^;///ne auxiliu;// ut a peccatoru;/^ nostroritm ncximus^^ libere-
mur ii per dominuvn :^

Imnus angelicus

Gloria \n excelsis d^o et hi terra, pax hominibz^j" bonae
uoluntatis laudam?/j te b^;/^dicim;/j- te adoramz/j" te glorifi-
camus te magnificam^/j" te gratias agim/zi- til?i pr^'- magnaw
missericordia;;^ tua;// d<?;;/me rex caelestis

deiis^'^ pater omnipotens dominef[\'n d(!^i unigeniti^^ ie^u chr/i-Ze [fo. 14.
sancte spm/?/s d^i et omnes dicimus amen domi'ne filii d^i patris agne
d^i qui tollis peccatum mundi misserere nobis suscipe orationes nostras
qui sedis ad dextram d^i patris misserere nobis qi/o/iiam tu solus
sanctustu solus dominiis tii solus domini/s tii solus gloriosus cum [fo. 14V.
spiri'tu sancto in gloria d^i patris amen :~

hcec'^ oratio pro uice dens qui culpa^" m cotidianis dieb/zj" .. [fo. 15.

1 The " 1 " is interlined. 2 go Corbie MS. ; "amoris," Reims MS., etc.

3 For "urere." ^ For *'adstantis."

^ P^or " promereri." ^ For " accedenlem."

" The words in small type here and below are interlined, with a colon below
in the first case to mark their place. MacCarthy considers the hand to be that of
Moelcaich {a), but this is somewhat doubtful. It is perhaps a third hand (r).

^ Two letters erased after this word, apparently " s//.vc."

'-^ This rubric and the two following are in hand i>.

^^ In the Gelasian Sacramentary, ed. II, ^. Wilson, p. 181 (and cf. side-note*;)
with variations. It is also in the " Missa Romensis Cotidiana " of the Sacramentarium
Gallicanuni (Muratoti, ii. col. 776), where the text agrees very closely with that here.
See also Neale and Forbes, .Inc. Litttri^ics of the Gallican Chiiirh, p. 206.

" For "ncxilnis." ^- For 'propter."

^■* In the hand of Moelcaich [a) on an inserted slip.

14 Yox " fili dei unigenite. ''

^^ Written in pale brown ink in the upper margin by hand b.

^" i.e. the prayer so beginning below.

THE STOWE MISSAL. 5

Deus^ qui diligentib?/i" te bona inuissibilia p;-^parasti efifunde cor-
dib?/i- nostris tui amoris afi'ectuw ut te \n omnib//i' et super omnia
diligentes pr^misiones tuas c\iie omne desediriuw superant ^^/«sequamur

Orationes" ef prices misae teclesise romane \\cbc ora//^ prima petri...

T>eus^ qui culpa offenderis penitentia placaris adflicton/;;^
gemitus respice et mala (\21cu iustae^ i/^rogas missericordit^r
au^rte : ^ p^r : ^

Hic^ augmentu;;^ : Lec//^ pau// apos/^»// ad cori;/teos incipit

Fratres (iuo\.\Qscumc\ue manducabitis*'' Panem hu?ic et bibetis
calicem istu;// mortem d6';;//ni adnuntiabis" donee ueniat:^ [fo. 15V.
ltd.que qu'icu/nq//e manducauerit Panem aut biberit calicem
do7?izni i;/digne reus erit corporis et sanguinis do^/nni :^ Probet
autem se ipsum <unusquisqz/^^> homo et sic de pane illo edat
et de calige bibat:^ qui enim manducat'^ et bibit <i;^digne
iudiciu;;/ sibi manducat et bibit^"> x\on discernens^^ corp?/i" donimi :^
Propt<?rea i/^t^r uos multi i//firmi et egri^^ <et iOTbiciles> et
dormiunt multi :^ quod?>\ nosmet ipsos deiudicarem?/^-^^ x\on w\Aque
iudicaremur :^ Dum aiitein iudicamur a domino corripimur ut won
cum hoc mundo dawnemur :^

/ : Vieu'^^ qii\ n6s regendo ^(^/^seruas parcendo iustificas a te;/'^porali
tribulatione nos eripe et gaudia nobis et^ma largire • • ^er domiwiivn
rsostxuvix reXiqua

Om72ipo/^;/s^^ sempit^rne d^2/s qui populu;;^ tuu;;^ unigeniti tui

^ In black ink in the hand of Moelcaich, over erased matter. The collect is in
Gelas. Sacr= , p. 224, where see side-notes.

'^ In hand b.

^ In Missale Gothicum (at the very end of the MS., Neale and Forbes, p. 150,
Murat. ii. col. 658) and Sacr. Gall. {ib. p. 206, col. 776), in both cases in a " Missa
Romensis Cotidiana." ^ For"iuste."

^ This rubric is not in the same hand or ink as the last two. It was apparently
added by Moelcaich. The lesson is from i Cor. xi. 26-32,

^ An erasure before the last three letters and under "bi," probably written
originally " manducaueritis."

' For "adnuntiabitis."

^ Interlined, with a colon after " ipsum " to mark the place for insertion.
Apparently in the same hand as the interlineation on f. 13 and the others (except that
in the margin) on this page, aox c (see p. 4, note 7). This word is not in the Vulgate.

^ Originally "manducan," corrected by an interlined "t."

^*' Interlined as above, with a colon after the first " bibit."

11 "dijudicans," Vulg.

^'■^ "et imbecilles," Vulg. as here interlined.

^"^ The first syllable "de " erased ; "dijudicaremus," Vulg.

^■^ Inserted in the lower margin in brown ink by hand b. The place of the collect
before " Omnipotenssempiterne deus," is indicated by a corresponding mark / : in the
outer margin. It will be found in Gerbert's Alomimenta veteris Liturgiae Ale/nan-
nicae, 1777, i. p. 191, from the later " Gelasian " MSS. See Gelas. Sacr., p. 360.

^^ In Sacr. Gall. (Murat., ii. col. 863, Neale and Forbes, p. 280); also (as
Ambrosian) in Gerbert, i. p. 95.

6 THE STOWE MISSAL.

sanguine redimisti solue opera diabuli • rumpe uincula [fo. i6.
peccati • ut qui ad et^mam uitaw \n confessione tui nominis
sunt adefti^ nihil debeant mortis auctori :^ per

<Ysalmus^> Querite diOmmum. et confirmamin qucerite
faciem ez?is semp^'r • Confitemini douiino et i/mocate nomen eius
usque q//<?rentiu;;/ doininurci :^ q^/mte i^

Grata"^ sint tibi domino munera quib^^i- misteria ce]ebra[n]tur
nostrae lib^rtatis et uitae i^ ^er

<d\\eluia> Fortitudo mea et laudatio'^ mea usq?^^ \n
salutem r^

Sacrificis^ ^resQWixhus do7mne c]tiesum\xs i/^tende placat^/j
ut^ deuotionis • ^ostr^ prd?ficia[n]t ad salutem :^

Depr^catio^ sancA martini ^ro populo i;zcipit amen d^o [fo. i6v.
gratias.

Dicam^^y ovcvn^s domino exaudi et missere^ d^;;//ne mis-
serre - : ^

Ex toto corde et ex tota mente.^ qui respices^^ sup^r terra.m
et facis eam tremere : ^ Ora.mus : ^

Pro altissima pace et trancillitate^^ temporuw nostrortivn pro
sanctdi asclessia catholica qtics est a ^mhus usq?^^ ad t^rminos
orbis t^rrai :^ Oram?/j^^ :^

Pro pastore • N • episcopo et omfnhus episcopis et pra^spe-
teris et diaconis et om/n clero :^ Ovdijmis-.i

Pro hoc loco et i?/habitantib?/j" \n eo pro pissimis^"^ impera-
\.o\-\h?4s et om;/i romano ex^rcitu :^ Oranius :^

Pro OTCvmhus q?/'i \n sublimitate constituti sun\. pro uirginibz^j
uiduis et orfanis :^ Oxdiinus :^

Pro p^rigrinantibz/j" et it^r agentib^^i" ac naufgantib//i" [fo. 17.
prd? poenitcntib//^ et catacominis^^ :• orainus

Pro his qui \n sanct^. aeclesia fruct^j" misserecordiae largiunt?^;'
doifiino. deus uirtutu;;/ exaudi prices nostras : oravms.

^ For " adepli," The " ad " before " eternam " is superfluous.

^ Ps. civ. 1—4, the last verse being apparently treated as antiphon. The word
*' usque " is of course not in the psalm, but marks the limit of the quotation from it.
So also below, " Fortitudo — in salutem," Ps. cxvii. 14.

2 Gelas. Sacr., p. 217. ^ "laus," Vulg.

^ For "sacrificiis."

* *'ut et devoiioni nostrae proficiant et saluti," Gelas. Sacr,, ]^. 217.

' In the same hand as the last rubric on f. 15, apparently that of Moelcaich.

^ For " miserere."

^ MacCarlhy (p. 199) places ex toLo — mente " immediately after " dicamus omnes,"
that position being " in accordance with the collocation in the Fulda Litany" {cf.
Warren, p. 252).

10 For •• respicis." ^' For '* tranquillitate."

^- The '* m is accidentally duplicated by a mark of contraction over " a."

^^ For " piissimis." ^^ For " catechumenis."

THE STOWE MISSAL. 7

Sanctorum, apostolorum ac martirum memores simus • ut
orantib^/j eis pro nobis ueniam meriamur :• Oramus.^

Chr/V^ianum et pacific^/;;/ nobis finem concedi a domino
depr^cemur :• pr^sta d<?;;2/ne pr^sta i^

Et diuinu;;/ i;/ nobis p^rmanere uinculu;;^ caritatis sanctum
domimnn depr^cemur :^ Vresta :•

Conseruare sanctitdiiQvn. et catholice fidei puritatem do7nmuTa
dep;'^cemur :• presta :^ Dicam^/j- :^

Sacrificium^ tibi doi?tinQ celebrandu;;^ placat/^j" i;^tende [fo. 17V.

c^uod et nos a uitiis ^ nostra condicionis emundet et

tuo nomine retdat aceptos"^ : ^ p^r doininum : ^

Ante' oculos tuos d<5';;«ne reus conscientise testes^ adsisto rogare pr*?
all's won audio" quod i;>^petraie r\o?i meriar tu enim scis domine omnia
Q[uce agunt^^r m nobis erubescimz/i' confiteri id quod per nos non tivaevaus
admitti uerbis tibi tantuw obsequimur corde mentimur et quod uelle
nos d\cimi(s nolle nostris 2iCtihus adpr^^bamz^j- parce dominf^ [fo. 18.^
confitentibus ignosce peccantibz/^- misserere te rogantib?^'^ sed quia in
sacramentis tuis meus sensus infirmus est p/'^sta domme ut qui ex nobis
duro corde uerba non recipis per te nobis ueniam largiaris • • per
do??iinuTCi

Lethdirech sund^

Dirigatur^° domino usqz/f uesp^;^tinum • • ter canitur • • hic eliuatur
lintiamen de calice i^^

Ueni doj?ime sa/tctificsLtor omnipote^is et benedic hoc sacrificiu;^?
pr^paratu;;^ tibi amen • • ter ca.mtur '

Lec//<? euangilii secundum lohannem i;^cipit^^ [fo. i8v.

Uominus nost^r iei"//s chu'stus dixit ego sum panis uiuus qui di^-
cselo discendi si quis manducauerit ex eo'"^ uiuet in ^ternwn et panis
quew ego dabo ei caro mea est pro huius mundi uita litigabant ergo
iudei adinuicem dicentes quomodo potest hic nobis dare carnem sua.m
manducare^^ dixit ergo eis ie^-^^s amen amen dico nobis nisi
manducaueritis carnem filii hominis sicut panem^° et biberitis sanguinem
huius^^ non habebitis^''

■^ An accidental mark of contraction over the "u."

- Gelas. Sacr., p. 216.

■^ An erasure, apparently of " a uitiis " repeated. "* For " reddat acceptos."

^ In the hand of Moelcaich. No trace of any previous writing remains. With
variations in Martene, ed. 1788, i. p. 182, and elsewhere (Warren, p. 255, note 28).

^ For " testis." '^ For " aliis non audeo."

^ This leaf and f. 19, in the hand of Moelcaich, are inserted.

^ Sc. " Half uncovering here " (Whitley Stokes and Sirachan, Thesaurus Palaeo-
kibernicus, 1 903, ii. p. 251), referring to the chalice, which was half uncovered at
this stage. See also Warren, p. 255, note 29.

^° Ps. cxl. 2, " Dirigatur — vespertinum."

" Joh. vi. 51-57. 12 For "de."

13 «< gjj Yvoc pane," Vulg. -^* *' ad manducandum," Vulg.

^^ " sicut panem," om. Vulg. ^^ *' ejus," Vulg.

^'' The conclusion of the lesson is on f.20 (p. 8, 1. 5).

/
/

8 THE STOWE MISSAL.

Oratio^ grijgc'r// sz//^r euangeliuw. [fo. 19.

Quessumz/i"^ domi'ne omnipotens deus ut uota nostra tibi immulata
clementer respicias atq?/^ ad defentionem n6straw dextraw tuae maesta-
tatis extendas •• i)er dopiimim ndstmm •• xeMqua

.... bitis^ uitam \n uobis • qui manducat \T\eam. [fo. 20.
carnem et bibit meum sanguine?;/ habet uita;;/ aet^^Tia;;/ et ego
resuscitabo eum \n nouisimo diae:^ Caro eiiim mea uere est
Q\\>us et sanguis m^//s uere est pot^/j-- qui manducat mcdiin
carnem et bibit meum sanguinis ipse* in me manet et ego in
illo:^

Credo in unu?;/ d^?/m patre?;/ omnipotentem factorew cneli et
t^n"ae uissiuiliu;// omnium et uisiuiliu;;/-' et in unu;;/ dojninjim
nostrum, iesum. christum. filiu;;/ d^i unigenitum natum ex patre
ante omjita. saecula lumen de lumine d^?^m ueru;// de d^o uero
natu;;/ non factum <:<?;/substancialem patri p^r que7u om;na facta
sunt qui propter nos homines et pr^pt^rnostram salutem [fo. 20v.
discendit de caelo et incdiVu^itus est de spiritu sancto et maria
uirgine et homo rxditiis est crugifixus autenf' pr<? nobis sub pontio
pilato passus et sepult/zi* et resurrexit t^rtia die secundum
scripturas et ascendit in ca^los et sedit a[d] dextra;;/ d^i patris
et iterwin uenturus uiin gloria iudicare uiuos et mortuos cuius
regni non erit finis et spiritum. sa7ictum d<?w/n?/m et uiuificatorem''
ex patre pr^cedentem cu?/i patre et filio coadorandu;;/ et con-
glorificandu;;/ qui loqut?/^ est per p/'^fetas et una/;/ Srt;;/c/am
^eclesia;;/ catholica;;; et apostolica;;/ Confeteor unu;;/ [fo. 21.
babtismu;;/ i;/ remisionc;;/ peccatoru;;/ spero resurrextionem
mortuorum et uitam futuri saeculi • a;;/en :^

•^ This leaf was originally no more than a narrow strip, forming part of the same
membrane as f. 18. It was left blank by Moelcaich, but another narrow strip was
afterwards sewed by a vellum thong to the upper part of it, the edges overlapping, and
on the space ihus obtained this prayer of St. Gregory was written by hand b. The
letters " om " are written in the upper margin, but they are apparently only a scribble.
The verso is blank.

- For " QuDesumus." The prayer is in the Sacr. Gregorianum (Muratori, ii. coll.
34> 39)> with " vota humilium respice" for " ut uota — respicias."

"^ The continuation of the lesson on f. 18 v, the last two syllables of "habebilis"
being repeated.

4 " Ipse," om. Vulg.

^ Vox " invisibilium," the first syllable being accidentally omitted.

^ " h," the symbol for " autem," with a dot underneath and " etia;// " interlined by
Moelcaich (?)

' After " uiuificatorem " a colon is inserted and " q//i "interlined, and the following
words are corrected by interlineations to " ex patre filioq//f' p;(7cedit q//i citvi patre
et filio simul coadoratwr et congloriFicat//r." Three dots (•.) arc placed under "d"
in " procedentem " and single dots under the letters " ndu " in the two gerundives. It
is doul)lful whether these alterations were made by Moelcaich or another.

THE STOWE MISSAL. 9

Landirech sund.^

Ostende nobis 6,omm^ missencor[diam] et salutare tuu;;^
dabis- <T^^ canit//r>

Oblata^ do;mne munera sauclifiCR nosq?/^ a peccator/^;;^
nostro[rum] maculis emunda :^ p^r dominuui :^

Hostias^ quesiimus doj?iine woshSiQ deuotionis benignus adsume et
per sacrificia gloriosa suhditorum tibi corda purifica :~ ^er domi'mmi

Has oblationes et sincera libamina i//imo\a.vm/s tibi domi'ne iesu
chn>/e qui passus es pro nobis et resurrexisti tertia die a [fo. 21 v.
mortuis pro animainus' caror?/w nostrorz/;;? -n- et cararu;?? nostrauim
quor^/w nomina recitamus et quortimcumqi^e no?i recitamz/i" sed a te
recitantz/r in libro uitae setifrnse propte?^ missericordiaw tua;/2 eripe qui
regnas in secula seculor//;;^ amen :~

Secunda pars augmenti liic sup^r oblata

Grata sit tibi h(xc oblatio plebis tuae quam tibi offerimus in honorem
domim nostri ie5u christV' et' in co;;miemorationem beatorz/w [fo. 22.
apostolorum t\ioru?7i ac mart/ru;;/^ tuorum et confessoruw quorum hie
reliquias spicialitf/' recolimus -n- et eorum quorum festiuitas hodie
celebrat;/?' et pro animamus^ omnium episcoporz/r;?^ nostrorz^;;;? et sacer-
dotum nostrorum et diaconoru;;? nostrorum et caroruw n6stroru;/7 et
cararum nostraruw et puerorum n6strorum et puellarum n6strarum et
penitentium nostror?/;;^ cunctis pr^'ficiant^'^ ad salutem :~ per domi-
wiivix :~

Sussum corda^^ habemus ad dommiivix

Gratias agami'/i' d6';;/ino dd'O nostro

dignum et iustum est [fo. 22V.

Uere dignum et iustum est equm^'- et salutare est nos tibi hie semper
et ubique gratias agere domme saJiciQ^"^ omnipotens 2Qterne dei^s per

^ Sc. "Full uncovering here ^^ {T/ies. Palaeoliib. ii. p. 251.) See above, p. 7,
note 9. Apparently added by Moelcaich.

^ For " da nobis," as in Ps. Ixxxiv. 8. The remaining words in the line, the first
of which began with '*' S," have been erased and " Ter canitur " written in their
place.

^ Sacr. Gall., in " Missa Rom. Cot.," Muratori, ii. col. 776 (Neale and Forbes,
p. 206); Sacr. Greg., ib. coll. 10, 159; cf. Gelas. Sacr., p. 321.

^ The remaining six lines of this page and the whole ()f the verso side are written
in the hand of Moelcaich over erased matter. This began with "G," and was
probably the collect " Grata sit tibi," etc. (f. 21 v.), which in Sacr. Gall, imme-
diately follows " Oblata domine." The collect is in the Sacr. Leonianum, Muratori,
i. col. 352 (Feltoe, p. 56). ^ For "animabus."

*" "in honore nominis tui," Sacr. Gall., followed immediately by " [ut] cunctis
proficiat ad salutem."

"' This leaf and the next three, in Lhe hand of Moelcaich, form an inserted quire.

* An erasure after this word, apparently " et con."

y Yox " animabus."

10 Yox "proficiat," the subject being " oblatio," and "ut" perhaps being omitted,
as in Sacr. Gall.

^^ Headed in Gelas. Sacr., p. 234, " Incipit Canon Actionis." Sacr. Gall, omits
" Sursum — et iustum est." ^"-^ For "aequum."

^^ " Pater " omitted, probably by accident.

lo THE STOWE MISSAL.

chn'j///'m domim^m nostrum^ qui cum unigenito tuo et spz>/Ai sa/icto
deus es unus et inmortalis deus incorruptibilis et inmotabilis det^s
inuisibilis et fidelis d(?^/s mirabilis et laudabilis d^//s honorabilis et fortis
deus altisimz^^ et magnificus deus uiuus et uerus deus sapiens et potens
deus safictus et spiciosus d<?//s magnus et bonus deus t^rribilis et pacifi-
cus deus pulcher et rectus deus purus et benignus d^//s beatus et [fo. 23.
iustus d^?^s pius et sa?ictus won unius singulariter personse sed unius
trinitatis substantiae te credimz/5 te benedicim?/^ te adoram?/^ et lauda-
mus nomen tuum in aeternum et in saeculum seculi per quern salus
mundi per quern uita hominum per quern resurrectio mortuor//;;/

Isund- totet dignu;;^ int6rmaig ind maid per quem bes i/madiudidi
thall

Per quem maestatem tuam laudant angeli adorant dominationes
trment^ potestates caeli caelorumque uirtutes ac beata saraphim socia
exsultatione concelebrant cum quib/zj et nostras uoces uti admitti [fo. 23V.
iubeas depr^camur suplici confessione dicentes sanctus ••*

Isund^ totet dignuw intormig ind maid sa?ictus bess innadiudidi
thall

Sancfus sanctus do?mnus deus sabaoth pleni sunt caeli et uniuersa
terra, gloria tua • ossanna in excelsis benedictus qui uenit in nomine
d<7w/ni ossanna in excelsis*^ benedictus qui uenit de celis ut conuer-
saretur in t^ms homo factus es^ ut dilicta carnis deleret hostia factus esf
ut per passionem suam uitam aet^mam credentibus daret:~ per domi-
n?/m

Can6n dominicz/5 pape gilasi [fo. 24.

Te igitur clementisime pater per iejum chr/V/z/m filium tuum doniin?^m
nostrum suplices te rogamus et petimus uti aceptu' habeas et benedicas
ha^c dona hcec munera hcec sancta sacrificia inlibata inpnmis quae tibi
offerimus pro tua sanctsi aeclesia catholica quam pacificare custodire et
unare"* et regere digneris toto orbe terrarum una cum beatissimo famulo
tuo -11 • papa nostro episcopo sedis apostolicae et omnib//j'-^ ortodoxis
atque apostolice fidei cultorib?/j et abbate'" nostro -n- episcopo •• [fo. 24V.

^ From this point down to "resurrectio mortuorum " not in Sacr. Gall, or Gelas.
Sacr.

^ Sc. " It is here that the Digraim of the addition comes into it, if it is Per quem
that is in its continuation there," I'hcs. Palaeohih.^ ii. p. 251 ; * Here the " Dignum "
receives the addition [/.<?. the Proper Preface], if ''per quem " follows in the text,'
Warren, p. 258, note 47. The meaning is perhaps, as Mr. H. A. Wilson has
suggested. " if ' per quem' is what stands at the end of it." Dr. Whitley Stokes has
explained that "in its continuation" should be " after it," as in the rubric below
(not^ 16), diudidi being for diudsidi\ where diud is dat. sing. o{ dead, "end," and
sidi a pronominal suffix. The word is found o^jly in this place.

•' P\)r " tremunt."

^ From here lo the end of f, 23V. not in Sacr. Gall.

° Sc. " It is here that the Digmtin of the addition comes into it, if it is Sanctus
that is after it there," Thes. Paiaeohil'., ii. p. 251.

•^ From here to the end off. 23V. not in Gelas. Sacr.

■^ " accepta," Gelas. Sacr. ; " acceptum," Sacr. Gall.

** " adunare," Gelas. Sacr., Sacr. Ciall.

" "el omnibus — cultoribus,'* f/. Gelas. Sacr., p. 23S, note 11.

1'* "et abbate — episcopo," om. Gelas. Sacr., Sacr. Gall.

THE STOWE MISSAL. il

Hi'c recitantur nomina uiuorum

Memento etiam d(9;;whe famulorum tuorum -n- fsimulsirumqt/e
tua.v?wi et omnium circi/m adstantiuw quor^^w tibi^ fides cognita esif et
nota deuotio qui tibi offerunt hoc sacrificium laudis pro se suisque
bmnib^/5 pro redemptione animaru?;? suarum • Pro stratu^ seniorum
suoruw et ministrorum omnium puritate pro intigritate uirginum et
continentia uiduarum pro aeris temperie et fructum^ fecunditate terrsLVum
pro pacis redetu et fine discriminum pro incolimitate regum et pace [fo. 25.
populor?<r;;/ ac reditu captiuor/^w pro uotis adstantiuw pro memoria
martivum pro remisione pecator//w nostrorum et actuuw emendatione
eoTum^ ac requie defunctoruw et pr<9speritate iteneris nostri pro domino
papa episcopo et omnibz/^- episcopis et prifspetms^ et omni aeclesiastico
ordine pro imperio romano et omnibus regihus chr/j/ianis pro fratribus
et sororibus nostris pro fvatvihus in uia directis pro hsitnhus quos de
caliginosis mundi huius tenebris domi'mis arcisire''' dignat?/5' es^ uti [fo. 25V.
eos in ^etema. summas lucis quietas' pietas diuina suscipiat* pro fratrib^^5
qui uaris^ dolorz/^^ genevihus adfliguntzi^r uti eos diuina pietas curare
dignetur pro spe salutis et incolimitatis suae tibi reddunt uota sua et^rno
d^o uiuo et uero commonicantes :-^

In natale dofm'ni

Et diem sacratisima;;^ celebrantes in quo incontaminata uirginitas
huic mundo edidit saluatorem i^^

Y^ciXendis^^

Et diem sacratisima;;/ celebrantes circ^/;;?cisionis domim n6stri ie^u
chr/5/i :~ [fo. 26.^^

stellse^-

Et diem sacratisimam celebrantes natalis calicis^'^ domim nostri

ie^u chrisA "

pasca

Et noctem ue\ diem sacratisimam ressurrectionis 6.oi?uni nostri iej"u
chxisti :^

^ " tibi " interlined, but by the same hand.

^ MacCarthy (p. 208) takes this to mean " body, congregation." It is perhaps for
"statu." Gelas. Sacr. and Sacr. Gall, om.it all that is here between " animarum
suarum" and "pro spe salutis." -^ For " fructuum "

"^ " [rjeorum," MacCarthy. ^ For " presbiteris."

6 For "arcessire." 7 The " e" interlined.

8 The "ci" interlined. « For "uariis."

^° Sc. "Januarii," the Feast of the Circumcision.

^^ The whole of this page is palimpsest. It contained part of the Gelasian Canon
as above, p. 10, beginning with the words " tuum, dominum nostrum, supHces te," etc.

^■^ Sc. " In die stellae," or Epiphany. See Warren, p. 259, note 54.

^^ Maundy Thursday, or Coena Domini. See MacCarthy, p. 210, and Warrtn, zdt'd.
As the words have no connexion with the heading " Stellae " there has probably been
an omission after "celebrantes" of the concluding words of the variation for the
Epiphany, together with the heading and beginning of that for Coena Domini. In
Gelas. Sacr. the form " Infra actionem " for the Epiphany is " et diem sacratissimum

celebrantes, quo unigenitus tuus magis de longinquo venientibus visibilis et

corporalis apparuit " (p. 11), and that for Coena Domini " quo traditus est Dominus
noster lesus Chrlstus" (p. 67).

12 THE STOWE MISSAL.

In clausula pasca

Et diem sacratisimam celebrantes clausulae pascae ^omivix n6stri ie^u
ohxisA '•

Ascensio [fo. 26v.

Et diem sacratisimam celebrantes ascensionis d^w/'ni nostri ieyu
chrzV/i ad caelum • ^

pentacosten

Et diem sacratisimam celebrantes quinquagensimse Aomivii nos/n \es\i
chn'sfi in qua spinous sanc^us super aposto/os discendit

Et^ menioriam uenerantes i?i primis gloriosae semper uirginis
mariae genetricis d^i et doinim nosti^'i \qs\\ christi

Sed et beatoru;;/ apostoloru;;^ ac martiru;;/ tuoru;;/ Petri et
pauli anriae^ iacobi iohannis thomae iacobi pilippi bartholomai
mathei simonis et thathei^ lini ancleti dementis xisti [fo. 27.
cornili cipriani laurenti crisogini iohannis et pauli cosme et
domiani et omnium sanctonuii tuoniin quoncin meritis preci-
husqiie concedas ut \n ommhus pr<?tcctionis tuae muniamur
auxilio • p^r:~

Hanc igitur oblationem seruitutis nostrae sed et cunctae
familiae tuae qtiam tzdi^ offerim//j" in honorem' dofnini nostri iesu
chrzsti et in co7//memoratione;;/ beator?/;// martir?/;// tuor//;;/ i;/ hac
aeclesiae^ qua;;/ famulus tuus ad honorem nominis glorias tuae
aedificauit :• Quessum?/i" domzne ut placat^/j- suscipias [fo. 27V.
Eumq;/^^ adq?/^ omnem populu;;/ ab idulor?/;;/ cultura eripias et ad
te d^?/m u^;^u;;/ patre;;/ om;npotentem conuertas*"^ :~

Dies quoq;/^ nostros in tua pace disponas atq?/^'' ab aet^;'na
da;;/natione nos eripias^*^ et in electoru;;/ tuor;/;;/ iubeas grege
numerari:^ per donnnzim nostrtcm:^

Quam oblationem te^^ d^^'/zs in omnib?^^- quesunu/.s' benedicta;;/
+ ascripta;;/ rata;;/ rationabilem acccptabilemq/zf facere dig-
nareq?/^^^ nobis corp;/j- et sanguis fiat dilcctissimi fili tui d^;;;/ni^^
nostri iQsu chr/>/i qui pridie quam patiretwr Accipit^"* pancm in

^ This follows on after " commonicantes," p. 1 1, 1. 19. Cf. Gelas. Sacr. p. 234 and
note 14. Sacr. Gall., col. 'j'j'j. - For " Andreae."

3 For "Thaddaei."

■* "quam tibi — aedificauit," om. Gelas. Sacr.

•^ " in honorem nominis tui Deus, (juaesumus Domine, ut p'acatus," etc., Sacr. Gall.

^ P^or "aeclesia."

' "eumque — conuertas," om. Gelas. Sacr., S|cr. (iall.

^ A redundant mark of contraction over " u " for " er."

^ A word erased after this, apparently " atque " repeated.

^0 "eripi," Gelas. Sacr., Sacr. Gall. ^' " tu " Gelas. Sacr., Sacr. Gall.

^'■^ *' digneris ut " Gelas. Sacr.; *' dignare quae,'' Mi^s, Francorum (Muratori, ii.
col. 693) ; " digncris quae," corrected to " ut," Sacr. Gall.

^•' A word erased after this, apparently beginning with " h.''

^■* " accepit," Gelas. Sacr., Sacr. Gall. The use of a capital initial for this word
and some others may be compared with the rubrication of certain words in the Canon
of Sacr. Gall. See Murat., ii. col. 778, note d, Neale and Forbes, p. 20S, note t.

THE STOWE MISSAL.

sanctdLS ac uenerablles man^/j" suas Eleuatis oculis suis ad [fo. 28.
caelu/7^ et ad^ te dennx pat/'^m swum om;npotente;;^ tib'i^ gratias
egit^ Benedixit"* fregit Dedit discipulis suis diciens^ accipite et
manducate ex hoc om^es hoc est enim corpus m^/^m Simili modo
pOi-/eaq?/<7;// cenatum'''_ Accipk'' et huna p;rclaru;;/ calicem m
sancidiS ac uenerabiles man us suas Item tiln gratias agiens^
b^;/^dixit dedit discipulis suis d/c^;/s Accipite et bibite ex hoc
om;2es hie est enim calix sa?ictr^ sanguinis mei noui et aet^rni
testamenti misteriu;;/ fidei qui p?'<? uobis et pro multis effundet^^r
hi rimisione;;^ peccator^/;;/ ■ hcec quotiensc^/z/^qz^^ feceretis^*^ in
mei<memoriaw^^ faciatis^^ passionew^^ meaw pr^dicabitis resurrectione;;?
meam adnuntiabitis aduentuw meum. sperabitis donee iterum [fo. 28V.
ueniam ad uos de caelis --^ >

Unde et memores suvaus do7/ime nos tui serui sed et plebs tua
sands. chr[/^/]i^'^ filii tui do^/nni wostri X.d^in beatse passionis necii^'/^
et ab iinferis resurrectionis sea et \n caelos gloriosae ascensionis
offerim^/j- pr^clare maiestati tuae de tuis don is ac datis Hostia;;/
pura;;2 Hostia;;^ s<r?;/c/am hostia;;/ i/zmaculata;;/ Panem sanctum
uitae aet^rnae et calicem salutis p^rpetuas supra qne pr^pitio ac
sereno uultu aspicire^^ dignare et acceptu^*"' habere sicuti acceptp^*^
habere dignatus es munera pueri tui iusti abel et sacriftcium
patriarche nostr'i abrache et qnod tibi obtilit^'' summus [fo. 29.
saceidos tuus melchisedech sanctuu\ sacrificium inmaculatam
hostiam suplices te rogam^/j" et petimus Omnipotens deiis lube
perferri^^ p^r manus sajtctv angeli tui in sublimi altari tuo in
conspectu diuinae maistatis tuae Ut quotquot ex hoc altari sanct'i-
ficationis^'' sdiCrosanctum filii tui Corpus et sanguinem sumserimus
omni benedictione^et gratia replemur''^*^ :~ ^

■^ " in caelum ad," Gelas. Sacr., Sacr. Gall.

'■^ " tibi " om. Sacr. Gall.

^ " agens," Gelas. Sacr., Sacr. Gall.

•* The second " e " interlined. ^ For " dicens."

^ " coenatum est," Gelas. Sacr., Sacr. Gall.

"^ "accipiens," Gelas. Sacr. ; "accepit," Sacr. Gall. ^ For "agens."

^ "sancli," om. Gelas. Sacr. ; expunged in Sacr. Gall. ^*^ For "feceritis."

^^ The last two lines (in the margin) on f. 28 and the first two on f. 28v. are in
the hand of Moelcaich. They take the place of " memoriam faciatis," originally
written at the top of the latter page.

^■•^ "facietis," Gelas. Sacr., Sacr. Gall.

^•^ " passionem — de c^lis," om. Gelas. Sacr., Sacr. Gall.

^■* The contraction mark omitted over " xpi."

15 Yor " aspicere " ; " respicere digneris," Gelas. Sacr.

^^ "accepta," Gelas. Sacr. ; "acceptu," Miss. Franc. ; "acceptum," Sacr. Gall.

" For "obtulit."

'^^ " haec perferri," Gelas. Sacr., Sacr. Gall. Following this in the MS. is the
letter " m," with a dot above and below and on each side for deletion. It is no
doubt the initial letter of "manus " written by mistake before *' per."

^^ " ex hac altaris participatione," Gelas. Sacr., Sacr. Gall.

20 Yor " repleamur." In the Gelas. Sacr. (p. 235) this is immediately followed
by " Nobis quoque peccatoribus," etc. (below, f. 33V, p. 16), but see note 62
(p. 239).

u

THE STOIVE MISSAL.

Memento etiam do7nme et eoru;;/ no7;/?>/a qui nos [fo. 29V.
praecesserunt cum signo fidei et dormiunt m somno pacis Cum
omnib^/j- • in toto mundo • offerentib?/^- • sacrificium • spiritale •
d^o patri • et filio et spiritui • smicto sa/ictls • ac uenerabi[li]bz/j •
sacerdotibus • offert • senior • noster • N • prasspit^r • pro se • et
pro suis • et pro totius • aeclesiae • cetu • catholice • et pro com-
memorando • anathletico • gradu • uenerabilium • patriarcharum •
profetarum • apostoloru;;/ • et ma.rUr2i;n • et omniumq//^ -^ sane-
toxwm • ut pro nobis do^mnum • d^?/m nostritm • exorare •

dignentur

sancte
sancife

sancfe

sa?ic/e
sancte
sancte
sanctt
sanc/e
sanctQ
sancfe
sancfe
sancte
sancfe

stefane

martini

hironime

augustine

grigorii

hilari

patricii

ailbei

finnio

finnio

ciarani

ciarani

brendini

brendini

columba

columba

[fo. 30.2

ora pro nobis. sa?icfe comgilli

ora pro nobis. sancfe cai;michi

ora pro nobis. sancte findbarri

ora pro nobis. sanc/e nessani

ora pro nobis. ^ancfe factni

ora pro nobis. sa/ic/e lugidi

ora pro nobis. sancfe lacteni

ora pro nobis. sanc/e ruadani

ora pro nobis. sa?tc/e carthegi

ora pro nobis. sanc/e coemgeni

ora pro nobis. sanc/e mochonne

ora pro nobis. sapic/a brigta

ora pro nobis. sar/cfa. ita

ora pro nobis. sa/ic/a scetha

ora pro nobis. sanc/a. sinecha

ora pro nobis. sanctn samdine

[fo. 30V.
ora pro nobis.
ora pro nobis.
ora pro nobis.
ora pro nobis.
ora pro nobis.
ora pro nobis.
ora pro nobis.
ora pro nobis.
ora pro nobis.
ora pro nobis.
ora pro nobis.
ora pro nobis.
ora pro nobis.
ora pro nobis.
ora pro nobis.
ora pro nobis.

Omnes sancfi orate pro nobis pr^piti^^i" esto parce nobis d^w/ne[fo. 31.
pr<9pitius esto libera n6s donn'ne ab omni malo libera nos domi'ne per
crucem tuam • libera n6s domi'ne peccatores te rogamus audi nos filii d^i te
roga.rmis audi nos ut pacem dones te rogamus audi nos agne d^i qui tollis
peccata mundi misserere nobis : chr/i"/e audii nos chviste audi nos chr/>/e
audi nos :~

Oratio ambrosi^

Ante conspectuw diuinse maestatis tuae deus^ adsisto qui inuocare
nomen sa?ictiim. tuuw pr^sumo misserere mihi doviine homini • [fo. 31 v.
peccatori luto^ feccis*^ inmunde inherenti ignosce indigno sacerdoti per
cuius manus haec oblatio uidetur offerri • parce d^////ne pulluto'

1 The *' que " is redundant, or is perhaps for *' quoque,"

- The two inserted leaves 30 and 31 should follow f. 12. See above, p. 3, note 10.
They are in the hand of Moelcaich.

•■' See Martene, iii. p. 245 ; Warren, p. 262, note 88.

■* " reus," Martene. ^ '* luto — inherenti," om. Martene.

c For " frecis." ' For •' pollute."

THE SrOJVE MISSAL.

15

peccator/^w labe p;r ceteris capitaliu;;/^ et no?i intres in iudicio cum
seriio tuo quia won iustificabitur in conspectu tuo omnis uiuens scilicet
uitis- ac uoluntatib?/^^ carnis grauati sumus recordare domine quod
caro sumz/i- et n^//* esf alius tibi conparandus in tuo conspectu etiam
cseli nopi sunt mundi quanto magis nos homines t^nreni quoru7n ut
dixit^

To. 32^.

Ablis

dauid

nauum

iohannis

zeth

heliae

ambucuc

babtiste

enoc

helessiae

sophoniae

et uirginis

noe

essaiae

agiae

mariae

melchi

heremiae

sachariae

Petri

sedech'

ezechelis

malachiae

pauli

abrache

danielis •

tobiae

andriae

isac

hestre

• ananiae

iacobi

iacob

osse

azariae

iohannis

ioseph

iohel

misahelis •

pilipi

iob

amos

macha

bartha

mosi

abdiae

beorum''

lomae''

essu

ionse

Item in

tomae

samuelis

michiae

fantum

mathei

To. 32 V.

iacobi

et cctQroru?/i

martini

erci

simonis

martir?/;;^

grigori

catheri

tathei

pauli

maximi

ibori

madiani

antoni

felicis

ailbi

madiani^

et ceteror/^;;^

Patrici

conlai

marci

patrum

Patrici

maic

lucae

heremi

secundini

nissae''

stefani

sciti^

auxili

moinenn

cornili

Item

isernini

senani

Cipriani

episcopor?/;;^

cerbani

finbarri •

^ After this word " cremlnu;;z " {sc. " criminum ") is interlined, with a colon below
to mark its place. The ink is lighter than that of the text, and the hand appears
to be the same (<:?) which was responsible for the interlineation on f. 13. The
writer intended to supply a substantive for " capitalium " instead of " peccatorz^;;/,"
which he must have read '* peccator/." '^ For " uitiis."

^ " voluptatibus," Martene.

■* *' et non — conparandus," om. Martene.

^ For the conclusion see above, p. 3. Martene's text omits "quorum — nostrae,"
and has " immundi " after " terreni."

^ This leaf properly follows f. 29 (p. 14).

"^ In order to preserve the arrangement in columns this name " Melchisedech "
and some others are divided between two lines in the MS. as here.

^ This name, for " Matthire," was repeated by mistake and three dots are placed
over it for deletion.

^ Sc. the desert of Scete in Lower Egypt. C/. MacCarthy, p. 216.

i6

THE STOIVE MISSAL.

colmani

cuani

aedach^

laurenti
mellcti
iusti
aedo

dagani
tigernich
inuchti
ciannani

buit

eogcni

declani

carthu;n*^

Maile

ruen

Item et

sacerdo

turn

Uinniaui

ciarani

oengusso

endi

gilde

brendini

brendini

cainnichi

Columbe

Columbe
colmani
comgelli
coemgeni

Et omnium

pausantium

qui nos \n domi

nica pace prices

serunt ab ad

am usq//^ \n ho

diernu;;/ diem

quor//;// d^^/zs no;;//;/a

nominauit

et nouit

Ipsis et om

mhus m chr[/j-/]o

quiescentib/^j

locu;;/ refrigerii

lucis ct pacis ut indulgcas dep;Ycamur [To

Nobis quoq?^^ peccatorib?/^- famuli's tui's de multitudine
misserationvm^tuarum sperantib?/^- partem aliquam et societatem
donare dignare cum tui's s<i:;^c/is apostolis et martirib?/^- cumfpctro
paulo patricio cum iohanne stcfano mathia barnaba ii^natio
alaxandro marcellino petro perpetua agna cicilia felicitate
anastassia agatha lucia et cum omnib;/j" sa?ict'\s tui's iwtra corum*
nos consortia n^;/ estimatis^' mentis sed uenia~ quessum?^^ [fo. 34.
largitor admitte :• p^r:~

Per quem h^^ omnia d^;///ne semper bona creas + s<7;/c/'ificas
4-uiuificas + benedicis + et pr^stas nobis p^?/- ipsum et cum ipso
et in ipso est tibi d^o patri omnipotcnti in unitate sp/>/Vu[s]
sa?icti Om7/is honor et gloria per om/ii'a. Sctcula sa^culor;/;;/ :~

^ The first part of this word has been effectually erased, but the accent over the
vowel before " ni " remains. Possibly the name was "cuani" and was erased
because it was repeated at the top of the next column.

- Both Warren and MacCarthy read this mme as "declach," but the first letter is
clearly " a," and it is almost equally certain that the second is followed by "d " and
not " cl." The point over the final " h " may^be intended for a mark of deletion.

^ Or '* Carthui;/." Warren and MacCarthy, " Carthain."

•* Originally written " misseralionem," but the second "c" has a dot above and
below it and "v" is interlined. ^ For "quorum."

^ A later hand has interlined "m ' over " t," changed " ti " into "u" and the
final "s" into " r," thus making the word "estimamur." Cielas. Sacr. reads " non
aestimator meriti sed veniae, quaesumus, largitor" (</. note 70), and so Sacr. Gall.,
but with the form " stimator." A contraction line for " m " has also been placed over
the " a " of " venia," which is made to be the object of " admitte."

THE STOIVE MISSAL. 17

\.er canit///- • isund conogabar i;/dablu tuair forsi/^cailech 7 fobdidithir
leth nabairgine isi;/cailuch^

Fiat d^;///ne missericordia tua sup^r nos quemadmodum
sperabim?^^-^ in te i'-

isund conbongar m bairgen^

Cognoerunt^ doi/imnn • ^Xleliiia • in fractione panis • dMeliiia -
Panis quern frangim^/j" corpus est 6o//mn nostri iej"u chr/j-/i • [fo. 34V.
diMeluia • Calix que;/^ benedicim?/j-<alk/?//(a*> sanguis est do;;^/ni
nostri iesu christi<^\le/tiia> in remisionem peccatorum nos-
troniin :• <2^eluia>^

Fiat" d<?;;mie missericordia tua super nos alWz/Za quemadmodum
sperauimus in te ?i}\eluia

Cognoueuerunt^ diOmmiivix alle/uf'a

Credim//5' domine credim^/^' in hac confractione corporis et effussione
sanguinis nos esse redemptos et confidimus sacramenti hums adsump-
tione munitos ut quod spe intmm hic tenemus mansuri in celestib^/j'
uerisfructib/zj" p^frfruamur •'• per dommum. [fo. 35.^

Diuino^" magisterio edocti et diuina institutione formati audimz/j^^
dicire^- •• Pat^r nosier •• reXiqua

Libera nos d6';/^me ab omni malo pr^terito pr^senti et futuro et int<?r-
cedentibi',^5' pro nobis beatis apostolis tuis petro et paulo patricio^^ da
propitius pacem tuam m diebus nostris ut ope missericordiae tuse adiuti
et a peccato simus semper liberi et ab omni perturbatione securi •• per
do?m'n?m']. : . -,. -

Pax et caritas do7;iim nostri ie^u christi et commonicatio [fo. 35V,
s«;^c/orum omnium sit semper nobiscum et cum spiritu tuo

Pacem mandasti pacem dedisti pacem dirilinquisti pacem tuam
dopime da nobis de caelo et pacificum hunc diem et cet(fros dies uitae
nostrae in tua pace disponas •• per do7?iimim ••

^ " It is here that the chief (?) Host on the chalice is lifted up and the half of the
Bread is submerged in the chalice," TAes. Palaeohib., p. 251. MacCarthy, who
divides the Irish words differently and extends " 7 " as "ocus" (=et), renders more
intelligibly " Hic elevatur Oblatio principalis super calicem," etc. (p. 219) ; and so
Warren, " Here the oblation is lifted over the chalice," etc. (p. 265, note 141). The
hand both of this Irish rubric and of that below is apparently that of Moelcaich.

■^ For " speravimus," I's. xxxii. 22.

^ " It is here that the Bread is broken," Thes. Pal., as above.

■* For " cognoueruiit."

^ Interlined, apparently by Moelcaich.

^ Added in the margin by the same.

■^ The remaining eleven lines on this page are in the hand of Moelcaich, written
over an erasure.

'^ The letters " ue " repeated by mistake.

^ This leaf and the next are inserted, Moelcaich's hand continuing to the bottom

•^^ ^- 37. . .

10 " Divino — dicere," omitting "formati," Sacr. Gall.; " Praeceptis salutaribus
moniti et divina," etc., Gelas. Sacr.

11 " e " interhned above "i." ^- For "dicere."

^^ St. Patrick is not in Sacr. Gall, and in Gelas. Sacr. is replaced by St. Andrew.
In both the name of the Virgin precedes those of ihe apostles.

STOWE.

l8 THE STOIVE MISSAL.

Commixtio corporis et sanguinis d^;;//ni \-\ostr\ icj-u chr/i-A sit nobis
salils in uitam p(frpetuaw amen :~

Ecce agnus d^i ecce qui tollis peccata mundi •

Pacem meam do uobis • dWehiia pacem relinquo uobis : TsWeluia [fo. 36.

Pax multa diligentibz/j- legem tuam domine aWe/u/a • et non est in
illis scandalum • ^Wehna

Rege;^? caeli cu;;/ pace oWeluia

plenu;;/ odorem uitae • SiWeluia

Nouu;;? carmen cantate • ixWehna

omnes sancti uenite • a.\\ehn'a

Uenite comedite panem meum a\\e/uia et bibite uinum quod miscui
uobis sdle/m'a ••

Dominus reget^ me

Qui manducat corpus meum et bibit meum sanguinem • a\\e/uia ipse
in me manet et ego in illo • alle/ma

Domini est terra ••

Hie est panis uiuus qui de celo discendit ^eluia qui [fo. 36\\
manducat ex eo uiuet in aet^mum • d^ebiia

ad te domino leuaui anima;;/ meam

Pane;;z caeli dedit eis do7?imu'i> cdlehia panem angelor//w manducauit
homo • SiWe/ia'a

ludica me domine ••

Comedite amici mei • ii\\e/?a'a et inebriamini carissimi a\\e/?/ia

Hoc sacru/;/ corpus do??iin\ saluatoris sanguine;;/ • aWe/uia sumite
uobis in uitam aeti^mam^ • aWeluia ••

In labi's"^ mei's meditabor ymnuw • aXleluia cum docueris me et ego
iusti[ti]as respondebo • aWeluia

Benedica;;^ dominum. in omni tempore aWeluia semper laiis [fo. 37.^
eius in ore meo • aWeluia

Gustate et uidete • aWeluia quam suauis est dominus, • aWe/uia •

Ubi ego fuero alle/uia ibi erit et minister meus • aWeluia •

Sinite paruulos uenire ad me aWeluia et nolite eos pr^^hibere • aWeluia
taliu;;/ est enim regnu;;/ c?elor//;;^ aS\.eIuia •

Penitentia;// agite • aW.eluia adp>^^pi/?quauit enim regnu;;? celorww •
aXieluia

Regnu;;/ celorz/?;;/ ui;;^ patitz/r • a}i{eluia et uiolenti rapiunt illud •
aS!ieluia ••

Uenite benedicti patris mei possidete regnu;;^ • alle/uia quoct uobis
paratuw est ab origine mundi • aWeiuia • glon'rt • uenite simt erat •
uenite :~ Moel caich scripsit

Quos^ caelesti doming dono satiasti pra^sta ut et a [fo. 37V.

nostris emundcmur occultis ct ab ostiu;//'' libercmur i;/sidis.

•

^ For " regit," Ps. xxii. i. - An erasure, apparently "amen," after this word.

^ For '* lahiis." ^ A palimpsest page.

^ The original hand here begins again. Cf. Gelas. Sacr., p. 224, Sacr. Gall.,
col. 780.' In Sacr. (iall. " Quos cixilesti " is the post-commvmion and " Gratias tibi
aginuis " (not in Gelas. Sacr.) the '* Consummatio Missac " of the ** Missa Romensis
quotidiana." See also Ncale and Forbes, p. 209, for references as to**Gratias tibi
agimus." ^ For " hostium."

THE STOIVE MISSAL. 19

Gratias tibi agimz/i" d(9;///nc saiictQ pat<?r omnipotens aet^mze^
deiis qui nos corporis et sanguinis chr/i-/i filii tui co;/mionione
satiasti tuamq?/^ missericordiam humilit^r postulamus ut hoc
tuu;// dojjiin^z sacramcntu;;/ noji sit nobis reatus ad penam sed
i;^trrcessio salutaris ad ueniam sit ablutio sceleru;;/ sit fortitude
fragiliu;/^ sit contra mundi pmculo^ firmamentum here no^ [fo. 38.
co;;/monio purget a cremine et caelestis gaudi'^ tribuat esse
participes :• p^r :^ misa acta est in pace :~

Misa :• apostolorum et martirum et sanctorum, et s^z;^c/atarum
uirguinum.^

Deiiva patrem deuni filium dezim. spiritum sajictiim ununi et
solum doininuxn dominantium et regem regnantium et gloriani
futurorum per pr^uelegia clara patriarcharum per gloriosa
pr^sagia profetaruw per sanctd^ merita ^postolor?nji per marteria
marten/;;/ per fidem confessorum per s[<^;?]c[/]itatcm^ VAYgmum
per teorica/z/'^uitam anchoritarum per silentiu?;/ spmtale [fo. 38V.
manachorum' per episcoporum ac abbatum catholicorum prin-
cipatum innixis ac continuis orationib^/i^ fidelittv' opsecrem?/^"
spicialit^r autem per sa)ict?i sufragia sa?ictoi'ur[\ ue\ sa7ici(a.ru7H
uirginu;;/ quoru;// hodie sollemnitas a nobis celebrat?/r ut hc^c
oblatio plebi's tuae quam saiict^ trinitate^ in honorem eorum

• N . offerimus acceptabilis fiat d^o cunctis proficiat ad salutem :^
per :~

T)oinmQ. dezis nosier icsu chrisle splendor pat^mae gloriae et
dies claritatis aeternae gratias tibi agim?/^" qiwm'am accen- [fo. 39.
dere dignatus es • xii • Siposlolos tuos igne sancli spirztus tui q//<^si

• xii • horas diei lumine solis inlustratas quihiis dixisti uos estis lux
mundi et iterwn normo: • xii • horae diei stmt si quis ergo am-
bulauerit in lumine diei hie won offendit orire nobis domino deus
noster iesu chi'z'stQ sol iustitiae 171 ciiziis pennis est sanitas timen-
tihtis te ut ambulemz/j" 'vi luce dum lucem hahemtis ut simns
filii lucis qui i/^luminasti apostolos qziasi luminaria huic mundo
et alios sa7ictos quasi tuos uel eorum uicarios gratia [fo. 39V.
sp/r//u'^ sa7izt\ ac doctrina pr^ditos discute a nobis tenebras
ignorantise et iustitiae tuse^° per horu;;/ patrocinia • N • quoru?//
festiuitas hodie colitur uti/-^ te et per te sewp^r manem^/.y^^ • per

•^ For "oeterne." 2 Yox " pericula."

^ For "gaudii." '^ For "sanclarum uirginum."

•^ The contraction marks accidentally omitted.

^ For " theoricam," contemplative.

"' Both Warren and MacCarthy read the second letter " u," but the two strokes
are nearly united by the fine cross stroke which marks the "a."

^ For " trinitati."

^ For " spiritus," as below and elsewhere.

^•^ MacCanhy, no doubt correctly, considers that some such words as " lumen
immitte " have been accidentally omitted. ^^ For " maneamus."

C 2

20 THE STOIVE MISSAL.

T)eii^ qui nos s,anQ.tox\M)i tuoru;;/ bcatisimoru;// sp/rituum
angeloru;// a.rcha.nge/oru7/iq//e princip/^;;/ et potestc?////;/ domina-
\!\on7tin viixUitinn ciruphin ct s^Vc^p/iin ^^XrvAXc/iaruin proietaruvi
a.posto/or7/7/i martzV//;;/ con{esso7'7i777q?fe et \x\r:gi7i7i7/i anchoritaru;;^
cocnoui/c?;7/;;/^ om;////mq;^^ sa7ic/o\-7i77i conciuiu;// sup^moru;//
et i;^tercessionib//j gloriosis circu;;/da[.s] et pr^tcgis p;rsta [fo. 40.
q^^^su ;//;/.<• eorum et emitatione^ pr^ficire'^ et i;/teipellatione tueri
et int^/'ccdentib//5 sa7ic/is a cunctis nos defende p^/iculis :• p^;':~

D^;;/2ne d^//s omnipo/^;2j- qui sa7icto^ tuos cum mensura pr^^bas
et sine mensura glorificas c?//?^s p/rcepta finem habcnt et pr^mia
tannin u;;/ n^;^ habent exaudi p;'<?ces nostras p^;- maitcria et
merita illorum et tribuae"^ eoru;;/ patrocinia adiuuent nos ad fidei
pr^fectum ad bonoru;// op^rum fructum ad pr^'speritatis bonum
ad salubritatis cowmodu;// ad religionis cultum addiuini [fo. 40V.
timoris augmentum Orent prr? nobis S(i7ict\ martires et p;'<9 di-
functis nostris et p7'0 pecoribz^i- et p/'^ omnib//j- t^;Tae nostxTR
iruciihtis ct pr^ omnib//j" i;z hoc loco co;;/morantib?/j Te omni-
potentem d^?/m creaturaru;// caelestium et t^rrestriu;// i;mume-
rabilis multitudinis' sa7ictovw7i tuor?/;;/ et angeloru/// chori
•>^cessabili uoce pioclamant dicentes sa7ictus sa77Ct7is sajict7is :~

Dignu;// et iustum eequm et iustum ct gloriosum est nos
tibi semper gratias agere om;//b?/i- diebz/j uitai uostr::E: 6o77ime
deus om/z/pot^^^j- sed \7i hac die gratias*^ et habundantius [fo. 41.
debcmz/j- gratulari C7i77i gaudio spi/'itu' sa77Ct\ solemnitatem
dipostolo7'ii77i ■ N • siue s^?;/c^orum 7Ci\ s^?//c/aru/// • N ■ pr^'sta ^rgo
nobis o\mi\potei7s d^//s fidem spem et caritatc;// et catholicu;/^
finem ac pacificum [i^r merita ac co;;/memorationc''^ sa7icioY\\77i
tuoru;// • N • bi quoru;// honurem h.(ec oblatio hodie offert;/;- ut
cunctis pr^ficiat ad salutem per(\o7>i7r\7ivc\ nost7'/im iej-//m chvis/7nn.
cui om/zis'' angeli et archan^^// pr^fete et a.posto/i ma.vU7rs et
confessores uirg/;/^j- et om;/^s sa7tct\ immo^** p^rpetuo et i;/defessis
laudibus cu7/i quatuor animalib;/j- uenti'^ quatuor scnioribz/j-
co7icm(\\x\'\X}- dicentes: pr/-''^ :~ [fo. 41V.

Uere sa77ctii<, uere benedictz/j- uere mirabilis m sn!77ctis sui's
deus wostex \cs7ts chr/>/?/s ipse dabit uirtutem et fortitudine[m]

^ For " cocnobitarum " ; MacCarthy, " coenobialium " ; Warren, "coenouium."
^ For " imitalione. " ^ For " proticere."

•* For " tribue," with " ut " omitted. •

^ Perhaps for " innumerabiles multitudines." "^ For "graiius."

' P'or " spiritus."

® A mark of contraction for " m " over the final " e " has perhaps l)een omitted.
» For "omnes." ^" For "hymno."

^^ For "viginti." ^- For "concinunt."

'^'^ So MS., Init MacCarthy is no doubt right in calling "per" an oversight for
** Sanctua." Warren reads " S[anctus]."

THE STOWE MISSAL. 21

plebis^ su3e benedictus d^'/zs quern benedicim?^i- hi a.posfo/is et in
om[/i]ih?/s s^7;^cz'is sui's qui placuei7/;/t ei ab initio Sc'E[culi] per
eundem doniinura nosti^iim. iQsiira christicm. q;/i p/idie :~

Sumpsim^^i-^ dojuzno^ sanctor\n?i tuoru;;/ sollemnia celebrantes
caelestia sacramenta pr^sta quesu7mis ut quod temporaliter
gerimus aet^rnis gaudis consequamur :• p^r :^

Incipit'^ misa pr^ penitentib^/j- • uiuis [fo. 42.

Exultatio'' diuina pat^;Tia pietas inmensa maestas tesupplices
trementes^ depraecamur pro famuli's tuis^' ut des eis mentem
puraw caritatem p^rfecta;// 'm actib^/i* sinciritatem \7i corde
puritatem in op^re uirtutem' i7i morihus disci plinam et qu(^^
iusti[ti]ae tuse timore i?/tigra mentes^ ziel deuotione pro ipsis • N •
tibi offenm^/i- pietatis tuae obtinentia agnoscant^° :-p^r:-

Indulge^^ do7m'ne penetentib^^j- nobis fan:iulis tuis poscentib^j
[ut] secura mente tibi d<?;;^me d^o nos^ro uictima;;^ pro [fo. 42V.
ipsis • N • offerri'^ ualeamz/j- et pie dictis^^ suis uenia;;^ obteniant
[et] sanitatis p^r te pat^'r sancte munere consequti ad salutem
gratiae set^/Tiae possint cu7/i tuo adiutorio p<?ruenire :-'

ItersLmns om7tzpotens d^'^/s dep/^^catione;// nosfram ante con-
spectu;;^ maistis^* tuae (\7(a77i spicialit^/^ pro famulis tuis • N • i;2
honore^^ s<^;/cz'oru;//' tuoru?;/ mariae petiri^*^' pauli iohannis et
omnium sa7ictoYU77i tuoru;/^ oblationera pro peccatis^" eoru;;^
offerimz/j" uota p^7'ficias petitiones eorum ascenda[;2]t ad aures
dementias tuse discendat sup^r eos pia benedictio ut sub [fo. 43.
umbra alaru;;^ tuaru;;^ in omnihus p7"<5'tegant^/r et orationis^^

^ For "plebi." The final letter properly belongs to "sues," over the "s" of
which is a dot for deletion.

" Sacr. Leonianum, ed. Feltoe, p. 12 (Murat. i. col. 305), and see Felloe's note,
p. 176. Cf. also Gelas. Sacr., p. 164.

'^ This rubric is in the lower margin in a small round minuscule hand. The
last three words are repeated in the margin at the top of the next page in smaller
characters, apparently by the same hand. The mass resembles the " Mi'<sa Votiva "
in Sacr. Gall., ed. Neale and Forbes, p. 321 (Murat. ii. col. 909).

"* Corrected by MacCarlhy to " exaltatio," perhaps rightly, but the other reading
is supported by Sacr. Gall. ^ The "r" interlined.

^ " quidem precamur pro servo tuo," Sacr. Gall.

' Followed in Sacr. Gall, by "in necessitatibus fortitudinem."

^ " et quod pro," Sacr. Gall.

^ The " s " dotted for deletion ^° " obtinenda cognoscat," Sacr. Gall.

^^ This prayer, " Indulge — peruenire," is not in Sacr. Gall.

12 For "offerre."

^•^ " pie dictis " perhaps a corruption of " deUctis."

■^■* For " maiestatis." Before the word is what looks like the beginning of the
*' t " of " tu£e," which follows.

^^ "in honore — omnium sanctorum tuorum," om. Sacr. Gall.

^" For "petri." i'^ " pcccatis vel pro auxilio," Sacr. Gall.

18 Yox " orationes."

22 THE STOWE MISSAL.

n^i^/rae te propitiante pr^ ipsi's won refutent^/ra conspectu pietatis
tuae sed in omnib?/^ auxiliare 2X(\2ie defendere digncris i per:^

Uere digniun p^r doimnum nostrum iQsiini c\\Yist2a'n filium
tuum C/////S potentia dep/rcanda est misserico[r]dia adoranda
piatas amplectare^ qiiis enini^ aliis putare poterit omnis potentiae
tua,^ miracula nee aures hominis audire nee in cor hominis
ascendere nee estimatio hominum poterit inuenire quanta^ [fo. 43V.
praeparas Sanctis eleetii" tuis sed'' in quantum possimus misseri
tevremque de incontinentia sed de tua misserieordia uenia;;/
misserationis et refugiu;;/ postulantes atquc in eowmemoratione
sanctoru?n'' per quorum suffragia sperantes'' ueniam ut^ famuli's
tui's • N • remisionem tribuas peecatorum opera, eoru;// p<:'rficias
uota condones dona eis deniq?/^** seruis tui's i;/tr;'cedentib7/j
sa?ictis remedium animaru;;/ suaru;;/ quod postulamiis ut uota
desidcrioru;;^ eorum p^;'feciat'* p;rsta om/npotens supplicantibz/j^'^
nobis i;/dulgentia;;/ postulantibz/j" uenia;/^ poseentib//i" [fo. 44,
uota pingesce^^ protege eis nomen d^i iacob iube^- ei's auxilium de
sancto et de sion tueri em';n memor esto misserieors d^/^s
sacrifieium eorum et holochaustuw eorum ante conspectu;«
S(7nctovu;/i apinge fiat^^ tribue eis desideria sa/icta. eor?/;;/ et omne
consiliu;;/ eoru;// confirma in bonu;;^ ut i^letentur coram te corda
desideriu;// eorum :• p^r chr/^//^m :-^

D^'/zs^"' qui confitentiu;;^ tibi corda purifieas et accussantes se
conscicntias et om;/?>/m iniquitatcs^^ absoluis da i/zdulgentia;;/ reis
et medieina;// tribue uulnerati's ut prreepta remisionem^" [fo. 44V.
om;nu7;/ peecatorum in sacramentis tui's sincera deiwceps deditione
p^7'manent^' et nullam'^^ redcmptionis aet^rnae susteniant tetri-
mentum^'' :• p^r d^;;//n?/m r\ostnim :~

^ P^or "amplectenda," cf. Sacr. Gall.

^ " Quis enim dispiUare poterit opus omnipotentiae tui^, nee aures," etc., Sacr.
Gall. There is much corruption also here in what follows. ■•.

^ "quanta sit pietas misericordire ture, quantum pnxjparas," Sacr. Gall.

* '* Sed in quantum possumus miseri, territi quidem de conscientia sed hdi de
tua," etc., Sacr. Gall.

° " sanctorum tuorum Petri et Pauli quorum," etc., Sacr. Gall.

^ So also Sacr. (iall., for " speramus."

' "precamur ut," Sacr. Gall.

^ " idemque," Sacr. Gall., a less intelligible reading.

'J " pcrficias," Sacr. Gall. ^^ The first " p" interlined.

^^ " uota pingesce." There is nothing in ^acr. Gall, that answers to these words.
MacCarthy, " voia [eorum] pinguesce."

^■•^ " mittc ei auxilium salutis de sancto et de Sion tu erige eum," Sacr Gall ,
t/. Psalm XX. 1-3.

^^ " pingue fiat," Sacr. Gall., omitting " tribue — desiderium eorum."

^■* Not in Sacr, Gall., but in Gclas. Sacr., pp. 65, 67.

^^ "ab omni vinculo iniquilatis," Gelas. Sacr., for " et— iniquitates."

^^ For " remissione."

^' "devotione permaneat," (^elas. Sacr. ^^ Fcr "nullum."

19 Yor "sustineant detrimcntum."

THE STOWE MISSAL. 23

misa pr6' mortuis • plurib?/^' •

Praesta qucBsuinus omm^otens et missericors deus ut animas'
famuloruw tnoruni • N • indulgentiam peccatoru;;^ et gaudia p^r-
petua lucis i«ueniant -.--

Da nobis missericordia;;^ tuam Qzicesuinus doming ut animas^
famulor//;;^ tuoru;;^ • N • ab orc\n\hus uitiis expiatae cujji tua
protectione secura^ diem futurae resurrectionis expec- [fo. 45.
tant'^ :• p^r christtcm :^

Intende do?/iine munera qucs altarib^^j tuis pro s^//c^orum
tuoru;;^ • N • co/z^memoratione deferimiis et pro nostris offentioni-
hus imbulamus*

Ue7'e dignum aims pr<?misionis^ plenas sttei^iorum bonorum
in ipso expectam?/j- manifestandas in quo scim^^j- eas absconditas
domino nosti'O ie^u christo qui uera est uita credentiu;;/ resurrectio
famuloruw tuoru;/^ • N • illoru;;/ pro o^mhus hoc sacrificiu;;/ offeri-
mus obsaecrantes ut regenerationis fontae^ purgatos et a [fo. 45V.
temptationibus exceptos beatorum numero digneris inserere et
quos adoptionis participes [fecisti] iubeas hereditatis tuee esse
consortes :• per : ^

Oremus iratres carisimi pro can's nostris • N • qui iam in
dominice'' pace praecesserunt quos finis debitus et ordo trans-
migrationis conclusit ut deuz onimpotejis pater doinim nostri
ie^yu chr2j"/i iubeat carnem animamque et sp/r/Vz/m eorum suscipi
in locum lucis in partem refregeri^ in sinib?/i" abrache et isac et
iacob dimittat qu.o(\ice et quicquid^ incongrue per ignor- [fo. 46.
antiam atque subripiente inimico peccauerunt et sp/r/Ai oris
sui eos refrigerare dignet^^r:^ p^r:-

^ For "animse." ^ For "animae."

"^ The "n" interlined ; for " expectent." "^ For "immolamus."

^ For '•' promissiones." ^ For "fonte."

' For "dominica." ^ For "refrigerii."

^ The *' c" interlined.

24 THE STOIVE MfSSAL.

incipit ordo babtismi [fo. 46 v. ^

V>eii'^ qui adam de limo t^;Tae fecisti et ille in paradise peccauit et
illuw peccatu/;/ mortis woji reputasti sed per sanguinew unigeniti tui
recuperare digneris et in srt:;/c/am hirusalem glorientem- reducis unde
ergo maladicte recognosce se[>'/]tentiam tuam et da honorew dd'o uiuo et

a

recede ab h6c famulo dfi quia hunc ^ews^ et dof?ii\\i/?> xneus ad suaw
sanQ.tB.m gratia;;/ atq?/d? missericordiam babtismi uocare dignatus est per
hoc signum crucis quod tu diabule numquam adeas" designare
per d^w/n//m n(?sfn/m : ~

ordo^ babtismi :~ [fo. 47.

TyoininQ.^ smictis.^' pat^r om.Jii'potens aet^/Tie deiis expelle dia-
bulu;;/ et gentililitatenv ab homine isto de capite de cappillis
de ur/lice de cerebro de fronte de ocuh's de aurib/zj- de narib//J
de ore de linoua de sublinq'ua de ""utore^ de faucib//j" de collo
de pectore de corde de corpore toto intus de foris de inanib//j de
pedib;/j- de omnib?/j- me;;/[b]ris de co[;;/]paginib?/j" mem[b]rorum
eius et de cogitation ib//j- de uerbis de o^cnhiis et omnib/zi" con-
uersationib7/>y hi'c et futuro prr te \cs\\ clwistiis^ qui vQgiias :^

Dcjfs^''^ qui ad salutem humani generis maxima qucr- [fo. 47V.
cuific\fic^^ sacramenta ui aquaru;// substantia condidisti adesto
pr^pitius^- i//uocationib//j' nostris et alimento^"^ huic multimodi^*
purificationis tuae benedictiones i//funde ut creatura mistirii^^
seruiens ad abieciendos dcmones morbosq;/r expellcndos diuin^
gratia:,^ tua^ sumat effectus ut qui quid locu^'' \n domihus fidcliuw
haer una^' resp<^;'serit careat i;/munditia liberet///' a noxia no7i illic
residiat sp/ntus pestilens non aura corru;;/pens abscedant omnes
i;/sidiae latentis^^"^ inimici et si quid est c\iiod i;/colomitatc^^ hab-

^ The contents of this page, which was left blank at the end of the Missal, were
added by Moelcaich.

- For " gloriantem." '' For "audeas."

■* The title is inserted in blacker ink than that of the text, in the same hand as the
title on f. 38.

^ With variations, among " orationes contra demoniacum " in a tenth century MS.
at Vienna, Gerbert, ii. p. 132. See Warren, p. 207.

•^ For " sancte." " The " li " duplicated by mistake.

'^ For "gutture." ^ For " christe/'

^^ This collect is repeated below, f. 52 (p. 27). See also Gelas. Sacr., p. 285,
*' Benedictio aquae spargendae in domo," with sidr-notes, and Warren, p. 184.

^^ " c" written below the line ; "quaeque," Gelas. Sacr.

'■■^ om. Gelas. Sacr., Sacr. Gall., but in Sacr Ambrosianum, ed. Pamelius,
Liturgicon Latitiurn^ 1609. ^^ For " elemento."

^^ " multimodo," f. 52; " multimodis purificationibus praoparato. virtutem tuae
benediciionis infunde," Gelas. Sacr, ^"'^ " mysteriis tuis," Gelas. Sacr.

^** " quicquid loqui " (jv. loci), f. 52; " ut quicquid in locis [vel] in domibus,"
Gelas. Sacr. ^" For "unda."

^* " latentes," Gelas. Sacr. ^^ For *' incolumitati."

THE STOIVE MISSAL. 2$

itantiu;/^ i;midit^ a?// quieti asprrsione diqiicu hiizus effugiat[fo. 48.
ut salubritas p^r i;/uocationem tui nominis expetita ab omni sit
i^pugnatione deffensa ])€?' donimiim nostr/nn. :~

Consecratio salis i;/cipit:2
"Deus qui- ad salutem hominis medicinam pe?- h?/;/c salubrem
salcm p/rsta ut de errore gentilitatis anima illius conu^rtat?/r et
eripiat/^r et trinu;;/ dr//m confitcat/zr et diabulu/// repellat per
abrenuntiationem signu;;/q//t' crucis d^;///ni nostri iesu chn'sti q//i
regnat cuj/i patrc et sp[/;7'/]u sa/icto hi Sc^cula s^cnlomvi :

Item alia oratio :^
Exorcizo^ te creatura sal is vi nomine dn patris ominpotetitis
et in caritate d^;///ni nostTi \csu chr[/>/]i vi uirtute sph'itus sanct'x
Exorcizo te p^r dr?/m ui[u]um prr dcum ueru;;/ qui te [fo. 48V.
ad tutellam generis humani pr^creauit et populo uenienti ad
credulitatem p^r suos seruos consecreaisti p;rcipif^ pr^^inde rog[a]-
mtis te dojninQ deits nosier ut heuc creatura salis In nomine
trinitatis efficiatur salutare sacramentu;;/ ad effugandum inimicum
C{2iod^ tu d<9;//me s^;/c/ificando s<7;/c/ificis^ benedicendo bencdices^
ut fiat omnib?/j- acipientib;/^ prrfecta medicina ptvmanens \ii
uiscerib//«y eov/un i;/ nouiijiQ douiim wostri iem chr/VA q//i
uenturus est iudicare uiuos et mortuos et sa:^culu;;/ per ignem :~

De abrernuntiatione^ [fo. 49.

Abrenuntias'"^ satana^ rcspoiidet abrenuntio

Et omnib?/j op^vihus ems r^spondet abrenuntio

Et omnib?/i" pompis eiiis x^spondet abrenuntio

de confessione i/^cipit :^

Credis^^ \n d.euvc\. patrem o\x\n\potentevi x^spondet credo :~
Credis et m \Qsnm chr^V?/m YQspondet credo >•
Credis et iji spzritiivcy sanctum respo?idet credo :^
'" exsufflas et tanges eu7/i dei;/de tanges pectus [et] dorsu;;/ de
'" oleo et crismate d/c^;;s ungo te de oleo s^?;^c/iFicato i;/ woniine
pd.t7'zs et fi/zV et sp/';7Vu[s] sancti

Abrenuntias satan?e xcspondet abrenuntio

Et omnib^/j operib?/^ eius respondet abrenuntio

Et oramhus pompis eizis rcspojidet abrenuntio

^ " invideat," Gelas. Sacr.

" The verb in this clause has been omitted.

^ Gelas. Sacr., p. 47.

* "consecrari praecepit," Gelas. Sacr.

^ "quern," Gelas. Sacr., but " quod " in the Rheinau MS.

^ " sanctifices," Gelas. Sacr. '^ " benedicas," Gelas. Sacr.

® For "abrenuntiatione." ^ Gelas. Sacr., p. 79.

^^ Gelas. Sacr., p. 86.

26 THE STOWE MISSAL.

Rogamus^ te dd7w/ne s<^;/c/e patrr om;npot^;/j- aetrmai- [fo. 49V.
^eiis misser[e]re famulo tuo • N • que;;/ uocare ad rudimenta fidei
dignatus ^s caecitateni cordis omne;;/ ab eo expellens disru;;;pe
om;;es laqueos satanaj quib?/^ fuerat colHgatus aperii' ei ianua;;/
ueritatis"* tuae + ut signo'' sapientiae tuae i;zdutus omnibz/j-cupidita-
tem fetorib;/^ careat dXo^iie suaui odore p;rceptoru;;/ tuoruw
laetus \.ib\ \n aeclesia deseruiat et p;'^ficiat de die m diem ut
idoncus efficiat//;' p;'^misae^' gratiae tuae i;/ nomzno. pa/;7^' et fi/^Vet
spm/u[s] sanctl \n s-d^cula sz&culoi'uin : ^

Medellam'' tua;;/ dep;rcordc';;/me sarictG pat^;'om?//po- [fo. 50.
tens aet^;'nae^ d^?/s qui subuenis bi p^;'iculis qui tempr;'as** flagillas
t6 d^;;;2ne suplices exoram^/j- ut uisitatione^ tua sanc/a. erigas
famulum tuum -N- de hac ualitudine^" temtatione;;.' sicut in iob
t£';'minu;;; pone ne i;;[i]micus de anima ista sine rcdemtione
babtismatis i;/cipiat triutnpare :•

Defer^^ do7mne exitum mortis et spatiu;;^ uitae distende reuela^^
quem p^rducas ad babtismi sacramcntu;;/ nee redemptione^^
tuae i;;feras da;;;nu;;/ tolle occasione;;/ diabulo trium- [fo. 50V.
phandi et reserua que;;/ triu;;/phis conpares esse chr/j-/i ut san?/i"
U'di in aeclesia tua gratia babtismatis renascat/^;' facturus cuncta
quae petimus per domix\uu\ :^

Nee t6^* lateat satanas i;/mincre tibi poenas inmine[re] tibi
gehinam^^ diem iudici diem suplicii scmpit^;'ni^" diem qui uenturus
est uelud clibanz/j ignis ardens i;/ quo tibi adq?^^ angelis tuis
sempit^;'n//^ p;rparatus est i;/teritus et ideo pro tua nequitia
dampnate atq?/^ damnande Da honorcm d^o uiuo Da hon- [fo. 51.
orem ie^-u chr/i"/o Da honorem spmVu[i] sancto paracleto i;/ cuius

^ Cf. the first of the three prayers on p. 46 of Gelas. Sacr.

- For " aeterne." •' For "aperi."

■* " pietatis," Gelas. Sacr.

■^ " et signum sapientiae tuae imbuti omnium cupiditatum foetoribus," Gelas. Sacr.

^ " accedere ad gratiam baptismi tui, percepta medicina. Per," etc., Cielas.
Sacr.

■^ In Sacr. Gregor. (Muratori, ii. col. 263), headed " Oratio ad baptizandum
infirmum." See Warren, p. 209, note 3.

^ "temperas flagella dum verberas," Sacr. Gregor.

^ " uisitatione — erigas," om. Sacr. Gregor.

^" Some words omitted after this, cf. Sacr. Gregor., "famulum tuum eruas ab
hac valetudine ut non prrevaleat inimicus usque ad animit tentalionem."

^^ " Differ," Sacr. Gregor., the prayer being i)arl i)f that which here precedes, but
ending with the words "quem pcrducas ad graiiam baplismi tui." Both prayers
may be conq^arcd with one beginning " Te, Domine, supplices"in Gelas. Sacr.,
p. 113, which is there meant fur use before "Nee te lateat" in the case of a
" catechumenus infirmus."

12 "extende relcva," Sacr. Greg. ; "distende releva," Gelas. Sacr., which agrees
with Stowe MS. after " perducas." ^^ For " redemptioni."

^■* Gelas. Sacr., p. 78, hut with many variations.

^^ " tormenta," (ielas. Sacr. ^'^ om. Gelas. Sacr.

THE STOWE MISSAL. 27

uirtute p/rcipio tibi quic;/';//[que]^ es i;zaiundus s'piritus ut exeas
et recedas ab his famulis del et eos deo suo reddas quos do/ni-
mts dezis nost^r icsns christus ad su3.m gratia;// et benedictione;;^
uocare dignatus est ut fia[;^]t eius templu;;/ aquam^ regenerationis
vi remisionem om[;2]iu;// peccatoru;// in nomine, doniim nostn
\Gs\x chr/>^i qui iudicaturus est^ iudicare uiuos et mortuos et
saeculu;;/ p^r ignem \i

isund* doberar insalann imbelu indlelacit.

Effeta^ quod est apertio effeta est^ hostia in honorem suauitatis
\n nomine de\ patris et filii et spmVu[s] sancti \-^

Do7nine' sancte pater ommpotens aet^rnae^ deus qui es [fo. 51 v.
et^ qui eras et qui uenturus es et p^rmanens usque in finem cuius
origo nescit/^r nee finis conprdiendi pot^^^' Te donnnQ supplicis^^
inuocam//i- sup^r hunc famulu;// tuu;;^ • N • quern liberasti de
errore gentiliu;;/ et conu^rsatione turpissima dignare exaudire
eu;;/ q?/i tibi ceiuices suas humiliat p^rueniat ad babtismatis^^
fontem ut ut^^ renouat?/^^^ ex aqua et spmVu sancto expoliat?/^"
ueterem homine;;/ indwditur nouuin qui secundu;;/ te crt3.tiis est
accipiat ueste;;/ iz/corrupta;// et i;/maculata;;/ tibique domino
nosti'o seruire merea//^r in nomine domini nostri iesn [fo. 52.
e\\xisti qui uenturus est iudicare uiuos et mortuos et saeculu;// per
ig[nem]:^

V)eu^^ qui ad salutem humani generis maxima in aqusiruiu
substantial^ quceeumque sacramenta in aquaru;;/ substantia
condidisti adesto pr^pitius i;mocationib//j no^z'ris et elimento
huic multimodo^''' purificationis tuae effunde^' b<:';/^dictioni?^^ ut
creatura misterii seruiens et abiecendos"^ demones morbosq?^^
expellendos diuine gratiae tuai sumat effect?/^' ut quicq///d loq//i-^
in doiWiOus fideliu;/^ \\cec unda resparserit cariat i/^munditia
liberet?/r a noxia noji illic resideat spiritus pestiliens non aura
corru;//pens abscedant om;^es insidise lastentes^^ inimici [fo. 52V.

^ " quicumque — spiritus," om. Gelas. Sacr. , but in the Rheinau MS.

'^ " per " omitted \cf. Gelas. Sacr.) '^ " venturus est," Galas. Sacr.

■* " It is here that the salt is put into the mouth of the child (?)," Thes. Palatohib.
ii. p. 251, In a small, pointed sloping hand which only appears here and on f. 58.

^ " Effeta, quod est adaperire in odorem suavitatis," Gelas. Sacr.

^ See Warren, p. 211, who quotes from Sacr. Gall., "Effeta, effecta est hostia
in odorem suavitatis.' Cf. Neale and Forbes, p. 269. Murat. ii. 850, reads '"ostia."

■^ Sacr. Gelas., p. 114. ^ For "^eterne."

^ " et eras et permanes usque in finem," Gelas. Sacr.

^° For "supplices." '^ " lavacri," Gelas. Sacr.

12 Repeated by mistake. ^-^ "renatus," Gelas. Sacr.

^^ This prayer is repeated from f. 47 (p. 24).

lo "in — ^ubstantia " repeated in the proper place after " sacramenta."

^*» "do" interlined. i'^ " infunde " above, f. 47.

^^ " bt-nedictiones," f. 47. ^'-^ For "ad abiiciendos."

20 For "loci." 21 "latentis," f. 47.

28 THE STOWE MISSAL.

et si q?//d est quod i;^colimitate^ habitantiu;;/ i;midit a/// qu[i]eti
asparsione aq?/<2? \\uius effugiat ut salubritas p^riwuocatione;/^ tui
nominis cxpetita ab ovnm sit i;/pugnatione deffensa :^ P^^'-i

Exaudi- nos d^;;//ne s^ancto. pater omjiipotens aet^;'nae deus et
mitire dignere"' angelu;;/ tuu;;/ sauct^im de cash's q/n custodiat
subeat^ pr^tegat uisitat^ et defendat om;/es i/zhabitantes in hoc
habitaculo famuli tui ill[i]us" :~

Hue usq?^^ catacominus' Incipit oleari oleo et crismate in
pectus et \te//i^ scabulas^ a.nttq7m7/i babtizaretur deinde letania
cir[ca] fontem canitur deinde benedictio fontis In dei;/de • ii •
salmi sitiuit anima mea usque uiuu?u^^ : qz/^;;2admodu;;/ Uox
do7m'm sup£'r aquas multas^^ •'• adferte •■•

Exorcizo'^ t6 cr[e]atura aq?/<^ per deuvc\ uiuu;;^ per deuvc\
sanct2im q?/i te i;/ principio u^rbo separauit ab arida c?^//^s
spirztus sup^r te ferebatur q?/i te de paradiso emanere^^ [fo. 53.
et i;2 • iiii • fluniinib?/^" tota;;/ t<?rra;;/ rigari p;rcipit^^ qui te de petra
prt^duxit ut populu;// queni ex aegypto lib^rauerat siti fatigatu;//
rigaret q?/i te a;;/arissima7;/ per lignu;;/ i;/dulcauit.

Exorcyzo^^ t6 et per iestcvn christuni filium eius qui te vi
channan^'' galilise signo a/z/mirabile sua potentia eo?ii\ej'iit in
uinu;;/ qui pedib^^j" sup^r [te] a;;/bulauit et ab ionne^' i;/ iordane hi
t6 babtizat?/j- est qin te una cu;;/ sanguine de latero^^ suo pr<?duxit
et discipulis suis p;Tcipit^'* d/c^;/s Ite docete docete om;/es gentes
babtitzantes eas i;/ nomine patris et filii et sp2;7Vu[s] sancti.

Tibi igitur p/^^'cipio om;^i,s sp/rztus i;;/munde om//c [fo. 53V.
fantasma om;^e mendaciu;;/ eradicare et effugare ab hac creatura
aquas ut discensurus-'^ \7i ea sit ei fons aqua^ sallientes'-^ in uita;;/

^ For " incolumitati."

'■^ Cielas. Sacr. , p. 286, but at greater length there.

•^ " mitlere dignare," Gelas. Sacr. ^ " loucat," (ielas. Sacr.

^ For "uisitit."

^ " ilHus," Gelas. Sacr. Possibly the word here is meant to be " ilhic," but the
final letter, if shorter than the usual " s," is slraighter than the usual "c."

' For *' catechumcnus." This rubric is in smaller characters than the text, but
apparently by the same hand. ** Perhaps " i[//]tf;/-."

^ For " scapulas."

^° " sitiuit— uiuum," Ps. xli. 2. " Quemadmcdum " is the initial word of the
psalm.

^^ "vox — multas," Ps. xxviii. 3. " Adferte " is the initial word of the psalm.

^- Gelas Sacr., pp. 85, 115, with variations.

i:j Yor "emanare."

^•* " rigare praecepit," Gelas. Sacr. ^-^ *' Bcnedico," Gelas. Sacr., p. 85.

1« The "h" interlined. ^^ For "iohanne."

18 Yor "latere." '^ For "precepit" ; iussit, Gelas. Sacr.

^ '* ut sit omnibus qui in earn descensuri sunt ftins aquK salutaris in vitam ivlernam,"
Sacr. Gall., col. 848, and Neale and Forbes, p. 267.

21 For '*salientis."

THE STOIVE MISSAL. 29

aet^rna;// effice ^rgo aqua sanctd. [a]qua benedicta ad regene-
randos filios d^o patri^ om;/Ipotenti \n nomiuQ donizm nostj'i ie^u
chvisfi qui uenturus est m spzritu sancto iudicare ^^culuin per
\g7iem :-

Exorcizo^ te creatura aquae In novziiie del patris om7npotentis
et i/i no///i/ie doz/nni nostj'i iesu chrisfi filii eius et spmV//s sanct'i
om7/is u'wti/s adu^^rsarii om;ns i;/cursus diabuli om/ze [fo. 54.
fantasma eradicare et effugare ab hac creatura aquae ut sit fons
sallientes'^ in uitam aet^rna;;/ ut cum babtizatz/i* fuerit fiat templu//^
d<?i uiui in remisionem peccatorum • per doinimnn x\ostrnxn ie^?/m
chr^V/'/m qui uenturus est iudicare sa^culum per ignem

Omnipotens'^ sempit^rnae^ deu^ adesto magnae pietatis tuae
misteris^ adesto sacramentis et ad creandos nouos populos quos
tibi fons babtismatis parturit spiritiim adoptionis emitte [fo. 54V.
ut q?/;(9<^ humilitatis nostriti gerendu;// est ministerio tuae uiitutes''
compXQditiir effectu : ^ per :^

Deus^ qui i;/uisibili potentia sacramentoru;;^ tuoruw mira-
bilit^r op^raris efTectu[;/z] et licet nos tantis misteris adsequandi
sumus" i;zdigni tii tamen gratiae tuae dona non dcferens^*^ etia;/^
ad nostras prices aures tuae pietatis inclina:^ per dojnimtm.
nostrum iesiim :-

Dens^^ cums sp/r//?/s super aquas i//t^r ipsa mundi primordia
fereabatur^^ut etiaw Uc7ic uirtutem s<^;2c/ificationis aquaru/// natura
<:^/zciperet :~ D^z^s qui i/znocentes^^ mundi cremina per [ajquas
abluens regenerationis specie;;/ in ipsa dilu[u]ii effussione [fo. 55.
signasti ut unius eiusdemq?^^ elimenti ministerio^"^ et finis esset
uitis^-" et origo uirtutibz/i- respice \7i faciem aeclesiae tuae ct multi-
plica 171 ea generationes tuas q?/i gratia:^ affluentes^'^iwpetu laetincas
ciuitate?;/ tua;;/ fontemqz^^ babtismatis ap^ris toto orbe t£?rraru7//
gentibus i/mouandis ut tuae maiestatis imperio sumat unigeniti tui
gratiam de sph^itu sa7icto qz/i banc aquam regenerandis hominibz^j-
pr^paratam arcana sui luminis a/z/mixtione fecundet ut sa7icti-

^ A final "s" erased, '^ Gelas. Sacr. , p. u6.

^ " fons salienlis," Gelas. Sacr., with "aquae" probably omitted.
•* Oelas. Sacr., p. 84. A line is left blank before this collect, probably for a rubric.
■' For " sempiterne." *^ For " mysteriis."

" For "uirtulis." ^ Gelas. Sacr., p. 85.

^ " mysteriis exequendis simus," Gelas. Sacr. ^^ "deserens," Gelas. Sacr.
^^ Gelas. Sacr., p. 85, as part of the same " Consecratio fontis" as the preceding
and following.

i"-^ For "ferebatur." i3 «'nocentis," Gelas. Sacr.

1^ " mysterio," Gelas. Sacr. i' For " uitiis."

^^ "qui gratiae tuae efifluentis," Gelas. Sacr.

30

THE STOIVE MISSAL.

ficatlone conccpta ab i;//maculato^ cliuini fontcs- utcro \n noua;;/
renouata;/r' creatura;;/ progenies cailestis emergat et quos [fo. 55V.
aut sexus \n corpore aut aetas discernit \Ji tempore om;/es i;/ una
pariat gratia mat^r i;/fantia;/i?"* Procul ^rgo hinc iubente te doming
om^ns sp/r//?/s iwniundus abscedat procul tota nequitia diabu-
liticae' fraudis absistat nihil" hie loci habeat contrariae uirtutis
ammixtio non i;2sidiando circ2/;;/uolet won latendo subripiat non
i;/ficiendo corrumpat Sit hcuc sanc^3. et i;moccns cr[e]atura libera
ab omji'i i;//pugnatoris i;^cursu et totius nequitiae purgata discessu
Sit fons uiuLis' regenerans aqua unda purificans ut om;zes [fo. 56.
hoc lauacro salutifero diluendi op^rante in eis spiritu sancto
p^rfectaii purificationis*^ indulgentiam consequa[n]tur i^ p^r:^

Unde'' benedico te creaturae^" aquae p^r d^?/m ui[u]um -per
da/m saiicticm. qui te m principio u^rbo separauit ab arida et \n
quatuor fluminibi'/'^f totam t^rra;;/ rigari p;rcipit^^ qui te i?i deserto
amara;;/ suauitate i;2dita fecit qssq potabilem et sitienti populo
de petra pr^duxit Benedico te et "per iQstivci christKnx filiu;// eius
umctini (^GJnm7LV[\ nostrum, qui t^ in channan galileae signo [fo. 56V.
awmirabili sua potentia conu^rtit hi uinum qui pcdib//j- sup^r te
ambulauit et ab iohanne m oirdane^^ m te babtizatus est qui te
una cum sanguine de latera^^ suo produxit et discipulis suis iusit
ut credentes babtizarent?/;-^"^ \n te dicens Ite docete om;/esgentes
babtizantes eos \n nomine patris et fili et spmVu[s] sancti :~

Haec^^ nobis pr^cepta seruantib//^tu deus omnipotens clemens
adesto tu benignus aspira tu has simplices aquas tuo ore bene-
dicito ut pr^t^r naturale;;/ emundationem quam lauandis [fo. 57.
possunt adhibere corporib?/.y sint ctia/;/ purificandis n\entib?/s
efficaces discendat in banc plenitudinem fontis uirtus spiritiis tui
et totam hums aqucs substantia;// regenerandi fecundet effectu hie
omniu;^ pecator//;;/ maculae deleant/zrhic natura ad imagnine;;/*"
tua/;/ condita ad honore;;/ sui reformata principii cunctis uetus-
tatis scalorib/zj^' emundetz/r ut omnis homo hoc sacramentu;//

1 Final " o " corrected from " a." 2 jr^r «« fontis."

■' "renata," Gelas. Sacr.

'^ " infantia," Gelas. Sacr. Other texts {id. note 13) have "in unnm . . .
infantiam," and the contraction stroke over "una" here was probal)ly omitted by
mistake. ° For "diabolical."

•^ " nihil— ammixtio," om. Gelas. Sacr.

' Orig. " uiuis," the missing stroke interlined. Sacr. Gall, has " sit vivis aqua
regenerans," col. 849, Neale and Forbes, p. 2Q7.

8 " purgationis," Gelas. Sacr.

« Gelas. Sacr., p. 85. ^" For ''creatura."

^^ *' rigare praecepit," Gelas. Sacr.

12 For '• iofdane." ^'^ For "latere."

^■* " n " interlined. Warren reads " baptizare{n)t," but the " t " has a curl above
it for •' ur." ^' Ck'las. Sacr., p. 86.

iti For "imaginem." '" Fi>r " squaloribus."

meomTP"

8T. MICHAEL'S

THE STOIVE MISSAL. 31

regenerationis i;/gressus \}i uerae i/znocentiae nouaw i/^fantia;;^^
renascatur:^ p^r d<?;///ii//m ii^i-Zr/zTn iej"//!!! clwistuva :^

Dei//de- bi'//^dictio'V^;;/pleta mittit sacerdos crisma i;/ [fo. 57V.
modum crucis \n fontem et quiq?/^ uoluerit iwplet uasculu;;^
aqua br'/^^dictionis ad domos consQcr: ^nd3.s et populus pz-'^ssens*
aspargit/^raqua hcned'icts. • biten-ogR a diacono si credat i/i pditre?n
et fi/iu/n et spiritum sanctum :~

Credis in dt'//m patrem omnipote/ifem - respondeat • Credo •

Credis in iesnm. christnm filiuiii eius unicum domi'num
nost?^nm natu/// et passu;// • respondeat • Credo •

Credis et \n spiritum sanctum^ yeclesiam catholicam remi-
sione;;/ peccatoru/;/ carnis resurrectioiiem • respondeat • Credo; --

Discendit \n fontem et trngiUcr ter ne\ aspargit/^r post(]uam
babtizaret//r oleat?/r cresmate \n cerebru;;/ in fronte et dat
uestem Candida;;/ dmcunns supei^ caput eius \n frontae et dicit
prespiter :^

T)e2is ommpotens p3.ter doniini nostri iesu christi q?i[ te
regenerauit ex aqua et sp/;';Vu sancto Quiq?/^ tibi dedit
remisione;;/ omniu;;/ peccatoru;;/ ipse te lineat*' crismate salutis
in chm^o

isu;;d dognither intogath' [fo. 58.

Ungo te de oleo et de crismate salutis et s<^;/c/'ificationis 'ui
nomine d^i patris et filii et sphdtns nunc, et per omjua. in s^cula
s-atQidoriun :^

Op^rare^ creatura olei op^rare \n nomine de\ patris ommpo-
tentis et filii et sp/W/u[s] sanct'i ut non lateat hic spiritiis mi-
mundus nee \n me;;/bris nee \n medullis [nee in] eo?np3iginib2is
me;;/broru;;2 sed operettir in te uirtus chr/j-/i filii d^i uiui altisimi
et sp2W/u[s] sanzt'i per om;//a specula saiculoru;;^ • Amen i^

Et dat uestem Candida;;/ diacon;/^ sup^r caput eius \n frontse
.J et dum uestimento candido X.eg\\.ur dicit prespiter :

1 " in vera innocentia, nova infantia," Gelas. Sacr. , but cf. note 22.

- This rubric and the one below are in smaller characters than the text, but appear
to have been written by the same hand. The rubrics in Gelas. Sacr. are quite
different. '^ For " benedictione."

^ For " presens."

^ Under " scm " an "a" is interlined, as if the epithet applied to "yeclesiam."
In Gelas. Sacr. •" sanctam " follows, and " catholicam " is omitted.

6 For "liniat" ; "Unit," Gelas. Sacr.

"' " It is here that the anointing is done," Thes. Palaeohib. ii, p. 251. The editors
read the last word "intongath," but there is no " n " or mark of contraction in the
MS. The rubric is inserted in the upper margin in the same hand as that on f. 51.

^ Cf. Sacr. Gall., col. 851, Neale and Forbes, p. 269 ; but this is before baptism.
For the same form in unction of the sick, see extracts from Ambrosian MSS. in
Mdmiale Ainbrosianiun^ ed. Magistretti, 1905, i, pp. 82, 150.

32 THE STOWE MISSAL.

Accipe ucstem Candida//^ sr7;/c/am et i;;/maculatum^ [fo. 58V.
quam ptv-feras ante tribunal d.oi)ii\-\\ wostrx iej-u clir/>/i :• Y^^pondeat •
acipio et p^rferam :•

Et dicit p;rspit^r apiriatiir manus pueri dicens:^
Signu/// crucis c\\Yist[ ►!< accipe \n manum tua;;/ dext^ram et
coTisQvuQt te [ji uita;// Tutcrnivn • respondeat • a;;/en i^

., T//;/c lauant?/r pedes chis accepto lintco :• hXlchiia lucerna^
., pedibus mieis'^ wer\iV\in tuuw d^'z/z/ne :~ Wlehiia adiuua'* me
., dd?;;/me et saluus ero KMcbuia uisita' nos doiniwo. '\n salutare
., tuo :• KMeluia tu^ mandasti mandata tua custodire' nimis
., mandasti missericordia;;^ tuam op^r[a]'^ manu[u]m tuar?///^ ne
., dispicias :~ Si'*^ ego laui pedes uestros do7m'n2is et magister
.jUest^T et uos debedis alt^r alt^^rius pedes lauare Exemplu;;^
.^eriiin dedi uobis ut quemadmodu;// feci uobis ita et uos faciteis
., aliis :'-

D<?;;//n?/s^'^ et saluator wostex iei"//s clir/j///s pridie (\itajn
pateretur accepto linteo splendido sancto et iwmaculato p;r-
cinctis lumbis sui's misit aquaw in pilue;;^^^ lauit pedes discipu-
\o\'iun suorinn hoc et tu facias excmplu;;^ doniim nostj'i \qs\i
chr/>/i hospitib?/^" p[e]rigrinis tui's

Corp?/j et sanguinis^^ d<?;///ni nostrl iqsu cmish sit iibl hi [fo. 59.
uita;// a^trrna;//; amen

Refecti spmtalib?/^ escis cibo ca^lesti corpore et sanguine
doinim recreati d^'o d^;/^/no noslro \qsu chr/j"/o debitas laudes et
ofratias referamus orantcs indefessa;;/ eiics missericordia/// ut
diuini muneris sacramentu;// ad i^/crementu;// fidei et profectu;;/
aet^rnas salutis habeam//^" .• p^r .-'-

Oyqu\us ixatres carisimi p;v fratre nostro • N • qui gratia;;/
doj/iim <:^;zsccutus csl ut babtisma q/wd accipit i;;/maculatu/;/
atq//^ i/ztegr////^ pr/'ferat ante tribunal cb;;//ni nostri icsu chr/st\
qui'" etc.

1 For " immaculatam."

- " lucerna — tuum," Ps. cxviii. 105.

'•' The first "i" dotted for deletion. ^ "adiuua — ero," Ps. cxviii. 117.

^ " uisita — tuo," Ps. cv. 4. *"' "tu— nimis" I's. cxviii. 4.

' " custodiri," Vulg. '^ "opera — dtspicias," Ps. cxxxvii. 8.

^ '* si ego — facitis," John xiii. 14, 15. The "e " in " faciteis" dotted above and
below for deletion ; " facialis," Vulg.

^" Cf. Missale Gothicum, Ncale and Forbes, p. 97, Mii«s. Gall., i7>. p. 191, Sacr.
Gall., i7k p. 270.

'^ For *' pelvem." '-' For " sanguis."

^■' Sc. " c|ui cum palre et spiritu sancto," ttc. The contraction-mark above the
word probably represents " etc." or " reliqua." See other instances below.

THE SrOWE MISSAL. 33

Y)eii'^^ \.ib\ gratias agim^^i" p^r o^uem mistma sanctd, [fo. 59V.
celebrauim?/i- et a te s^/^ctitatis do[na] deposcim?^^ • per domi-
n//m

Alleluia :• Memento- nostri domino m b^/^^placito populi tui
ui'sita nos \n salutari tuo :•

AWeiiiia ■ O do?/iine"' saluu;;/ fac O do?/ime hene prosperd.rc :•
AWe/ina :• Ostende^ nobis d^;;^me usq?/^ nobis :•
Salua nos ie^-u q/ii potes saluarae qui dedit anima;;^ det et
salutem :• per do/m'num. :•

Benedic^ do7nme hanc cr[e]atura;;2 aq^/i^ ut sit remediu;/^
generi humano salutare pr^sta per i/^uocatione?/^ nominis tui
per hanc cr[e]aturam aq^^^ corporis sanitatem et animal [fo. 60.
tutella;// rerum de{ensione7n :• per eU.^ :-^

Exorcizo'' te spirittcs i7?^munde per deum patrem om/npoten-
•tem q?/i fecit caelum et t^rra;;^ mare et omma. qucB in eis sunt ut
om;ns ui[r]t2/i" adu^z-'sarii om/zis exercit?^^" diabuli omnis i?/cursus
om//e fantasma i^imici eradicet/^r et effuget?/r ab hac creatura
diqucE ut sit saitcts. et salutifera et ignis ardens adu^rsus i/^sidias
i;2imici per i/zuocationem nominis doniini nostri \qs\i chrz>/i qui
iudicaturus est saeculu;;^ per ignem in spiritu sancto a;;^en :~

Orem/zi" fratres do7ninum deum. nostrum, pro fratrai nostro [• N •
quem duri]^ ad pr^ssens malu;/^ langoris adulcerat ut eu?;^ [fo. 6ov.
domini pietas CGele[s]tibzzi" dignetzzr curare medicinis qui dedit
anima;/7 det et salute;;/ :• per

Detim. uiuu;;z om;^ipotentem cuo^ omiti?i opera, restaurare
[et] <;<?;/firmare facillimu;/z est fratres carissimi p7^o fratre nostro
i;zfirmo -N- suplicit^r oremus quo cr[e]atura manu;;/ sentiat
creatoris ut aut in reparando aut in recipiendo in nomine^" suo
pius pat^r opus suu;;z recreare dignet^r : • per doininum. nostrum.
iQSum. christum. -.^

Do7mne sancte pditer uniuersitatis auctor om;;ipo/^;zs aet^rnae
deus cui cuncta uiuunt qui uiuificas mortuos et uocas ea [fo. 6r.
qucs non stint ta;;/quam ea quce sunt tuum solituw opus qui es
mcignus artifex pie exercere^^ in hoc tuo plasmate :^ per chris-
tum :^

^ In the Book of Deer, etc., see Warren, p, 219, note 3 ; and repeated below,
f. 64V (p. 36). 2 a Memento — tuo," Ps. cv. 4.

2 " O domine — prosperare," Ps. cxvii. 25.

•* " Ostende — nobis," Ps. Ixxxiv. 8. ^ C/. Sacr. Gregor., col. 229.

^ See p. 30, note 13. '^ 6/. Sacr. Gall., col. 850.

^ The words in brackets are supplied from the closely similar office in the Book of
Dimma (Warren, p. 167). ^ For " cui."

^^ "homine," Bk. of Dimma (according to Warren).

^^ For " exerce," as in Bk. of Dimma.

STOWE. D

34 THE SrOWE MISSAL.

Vietivci \n cuius manu ta;;/ alit^^i* uiuentes^ ojiain uita morientis
fratres cHlectissimi dipr^cemur ut corporis h/z/V/s i;/firmitate;;^
sanet et animai salutem pr^'stet ut i\uod per meri/u/// non meretur
missericordiae gratiae" consequatur orantibz/i"^ nobis pr^stet* per
dominuvn. nostrum. iQsum. chrz.f/i -.^^

'Domine.^ sanctc pater om;2ipo/^;2S aet^mae d^?/s qui es uia et
ueritaset uita exaudi et conserua famulu;;/ tuu;;/ hunc • N • que7?i
uiuificastiet redimisti pr^tio magno s<^;/c/i sanguinis filii [fo. 6iv.
tui qui regnas etcS' :~

T)eus' qui non uis mortem •• sed ut <:6';/u^rtat?/r : peccatoris^
et uiuat huic ad t6 ex corde ^^?2U^rso peccata dimite et p^rennis
uitae tribue gratia;;^ :• per dominun\ :~

'Deus qui factura;;^ tua;;/ pio semper donaris'-^ afTectu i;/clina
aurem tua;// supplicantib/zj-^^ nobis t^'^^i ad famamulu;;^^^ tuum -N-
adu^rsitate uelitudinem^^ corporis laborantem placidus^^ respice
uissita eum in salutari tuo et caelcstis gratiae concede^* medica-
mentu;// •: per :^

In^^ illo tempore acesser2/;2t saducei ad eum dicentes [fo. 62.
no?i esse resurrectionem et i//t^;TOgauerz/;^t eu?/i respondens
iesus illis ait erratis nescientes scripturas neque uirtutem d^i i;/
resurrectione ejivn neq2ie nubent neq7ie nubent?/;' sed evu?it sicut
angeli dd i?i caelo de resurrectione aiitein nxoxXxxoxum non legistis
quon\odo dictu;;/ est a d^;;/mo dicente uobi's ego sum deus
abracha;;/ d^?/s issac d^?^s iacob non est ergo deus mortuor?^;// sed
detis uiuentiu;;/ et audientes turbae mirabantur doctrina eius :~

In illis dieb?/j- di^it icsus stati;;/^^ auteni post tribulationem
dieru;;/ iWoxuni sol obscurabit?/r et luna non dabit [fo. 62v.
lumen suum et stelle cadent de caelo et uirtites^' caeloru;;/ com-

^ For "halitus uiuentis." "■^ For "gratia."

•' The "n " interlined. "* om. Bk. of Dimma.

^ Not in the Book of Dimma, but (Warren, p. 221, note 6) among prayers for the
sick printed by Gerbert, ii. pp. 30, 33. ° See p. 32, note 13.

' This collect and the next are in the Book of Dimma (Warren, p. 168). See also
Gelas. Sacr. , p. 281.

^ As shown by the transposition marks, *' peccatoris " should follow "mortem."

^ "donares," Bk. of Dimma ; *' facturae tuae . . . dominaris," Gelas. Sacr.

^^ The first "p" interlined; " supplicationibus nostris et famulum tuum ex
adversa valetudine corporis," Gelas. Sacr. ^^ For "famulum."

^■•^ The second " e " dotted below for deletion and " v " interlined ; " ualitudinis,"
Bk. of Dimma.

^■' So Gelas. Sacr. ; " placitus," Bk. of Dimma.

^■^ "praesta," Gelas. Sacr. 13k. of Dimma (according to Warren) has "ad"
instead of " concede," possibly a misreading of some abbreviated form.

'' Matt, xxii, 23, 29-33. ^^i the Book of Dimma (Warren, p. 169).

^° "Stalim — terminos eorum," Matt. xxiv. 29-31. Instead of this lection the
Book of Dimma has i Cor. xv. 19-22. ^" For "uirlutes."

THE STOIVE MISSAL. 35

mobebunt/zr et tunc apparebit signuw filii hominis m cselo et
ttcJic plangent se omnes tribus t^rrae et uidebunt filiuw homines^
uenientem \n nnhihns caeli cum uirtute multa et maistate et
mittet angelos suos cum tuba et uoce magna et <r<9;/gregabunt
electos suos a quatuor uentis a su7;^mis c-^\oruin usqz/^ ad ter-
minos coxuni :^

Ungo- te de oleo s<^;2c/ificato ut salueris in nonomine^ [fo. 63.
patris et filii et sp/;7Vu[s] sajictl \n saecula etc} :^

Concede d<?;;/me nobis famuli's tuis ut orantib?/^^ cum fiducia
dicere meriarnur Pat^r nost^r:~

Libera nos domixxQ ab omni malo et custodi nos hi omni
bo[no] ie^-u c\\rislQ aucto[r] omniu;;^ bonorum qui regnas hi
saecula saeculor//;;/ :~

Oram^^j- te domino p7'o fratre n^j-tro • N • cui i;mrmitate sua
officiuw co7;2monionis^ ut si qua eum saecularis macula iz/uassit
aut uitiu;;2 mondialem ficit^ dono tuae pietatis i/^dulgeas et
extergas :• per etc.

"DojmnQ sa/icte pat^r te fidilit^r^ depr^cemur ut [fo. 63V.
accipiendi fratri nostra sdcrosanctSim banc seucharistia;;^ corporis
et sanguinis dojjiim nostri \gs\i christi ta;;^ carnis qicam anims
sit salus ; p^r dominitm. • --

Exaudi nos douiiriQ iqsu christQ deus nost^r pro fratre nostra
i;/firmo te rogantes ut tua sa?tcta. euchoristia sit ei tutella • p^r
do7mnum • ^

Pax et caritas domini nostri iesu christi et commonicatio
sauctoru?n tuorum^ sit semper nobiscum • respondeat • a7;/en • ^

Corp^^j- et sanguis domirn nost?^ iesu christi filii del uiui
altisimi • reXiqua}^

Accepto salutari diuini corporis cibo lalutari^^ nostra \^sn [fo.64.

^ For " hominis."

^ A similar formula is givea in the Book of Dimma and the Book of Mulling
(Warren, pp. 169, 172). ^ The "no" repeated by mistake.

* See above, p. 32, note 13.

•5 "orantes," Bk. of Dimma.

^ There seems to be an omission of some word or words here.

' No doubt a corruption for " mundiale inficit."

^ " fideliter deprecamur ut accipienti," Rit. Rom. (ed. Aug. Taur. 1891, p. 55).
The version there has other variations. So also in the Missal of Robert of Jumieges
(ed. H. A. Wilson, p. 294), and in the Cambrai Pontifical (Martene, i. p. 331).

^ Perhaps for " suorum " ; or two formulae are mixed up.

^° Cf. Book of Dimma (Warren, p. 170), " conservat animam tuam in vitam
perpetuam."

^1 For " salutari." The first "1" is dotted for deletion, but " s " is not written in
its place, and the dot possibly refers to the whole word, which is a repetition.

D 2

36 THE STOWE MISSAL.

c^xisto gratias agim?/^ o^uod sui corporis et sanguinis sacramento
nos a morte lib^rauit et taw corporis (\iiai)i animai homano^
generi remcdium donare dignatus est qui regnat • --

Agim/zj-- d^'o patri om;^ipotenti gratias (\nod terrene nos
originis atq?/^ natural sacramenti sui dono m ca^lestem uiuifica-
uerit demotationem • p^r d^7;/?n//m • --

Conu^/lie nos d^?zs salutum nostraruw' et i;/firmoru;;/ p/'^sta

salutem nostror?/;;/

Quia satiauit animam inamem'^ et anima;;/ essuri- [fo. 64V.

entem satiauit bis'"' * diMehiia ^Xeiuia :~

Uissita nos^ dens in salutari tuo :• ^Meluia

Fortidudo'' mea usq^^^ salutem :• sXleiuia

Caliccm^ salutaris accipiam usq?/^ i;/uocabo i dXlehiia

Refecti chr/j-/i corpore et sanguine tibi semper do;/nnc dica-

mus • 3i\\e/um

Laudate'-^ do7/nnum omnes gentes usq?^^ in finem :^
Sacrificate^^ sacrificium iustitiae et sperate in dowino i^

Def^s tibi gratias agimus per c\uein misteria sa?tcta. [fo. 65.
celebrauimus et ad te^^ sanctita.tis dona deposcimus qui reg;/^j
m sxcu/a sddcu/onim • ~

Bencdicat tibi doniinns et custodiat te ostendatq//^ doininus,
faciam'- sua/// tibi et misseriatur^^ tui conuertat d[^////]n[//]s^"'
uultum suum ad te et det tibi pacem ! et respondit a;//en :^

Tunc signans eum dicito •

Signaculo crucis chr/>/i signaris

Pax tecum \n uitam a^terna/// et respondit amen :'-

Finit ordo commonis^^ : ,

1 "P^or "humano." - Book of Dimnia (Warren, p. 170).

^ So Book of Dimma ; " salutaris noster," Ps. Ixxxiv. 5.
■* P'or "inanem," cf. Ps. cvi. 9.

^ " satiavit bonis," Ps. cvi. 9, and the Book of Deer (Warren, p. 165). ** Bis,"
however, here may be, as Warrtn takes it, a rubric for the repetition of "Alleluia.
*^ " Uissita — tuo," Ps. cy. 4. There is a marked change of hand at this point.
' *' Fortitudo — salutem," Ps. cxvii. 14.

^ " Calicem — inuocabo," Ps. cxv. 13. ^ Ps. cxvi. i, to the end.

^" "Sacrificate — domino," Ps. iv. 6.

" " a te," Book of Dimma, etc. (Warren, pp. 165, 171, 173), and above, f.59v.
'- For "faciem." ^•' For " misereatur."

'■* Contraction-marks omitted. ^^ For '* communionis."

T'HE STOWE MISSAL. 37

iNdaltoir^ fiugor iz/di/vgri/z/me i?;zmab^rr • In cailech [fo. 65V.
\'i>^^or\nn2JtQ\.aise f(?;aiirmed 7 rofothiged fori/^griwmiw 7 formartri
i/znafathe 7 alioruz/z • Huisq//^^ priz/j- i;^ calicem 7 iss^^T^ canar occo •
peto te pat^r dep;rcor te filii • obsecro te s^iritics sanctat id est
fig^r i;2phop//27 toresset m aecl^i-^a • Oblae mi'iim sup^r altare id
est mitirlur"- issed canar occo id est \^.sii?> christtcs A j co hoc est
principiu;// 7 finis • fig^r cuirp cvist rosuidiged hi linannart
brond maire • Fin ian/;// arhuisq?;^ hicaeltch id est deacht crist
aradonacht 7 ari//pop?// iria.b/ish' thuisten issed canar ocsuidiu •
Remitet p^^^^r i;/dulget fi/ins • misseret^/r spiritus sanctus :•
Acanar dind o^riund f(^rsen it^r i;/troit 7 orthana 7 tormach
corrigi liacht naps/<^/ 7 -v/ralm ndigr<^d isfigor recto aicnith i;/sin
inroaithnuiged crist^ tria huili baullo 7 gnimo • Liacht dipstal
\vninurgu 7 salm dig7'<^d 7 hosiiidiu codinochtad is foraithmet •
rechta litre i;/rofiugr<^d crist [acht]"' nadfess cadacht cidrofiugr^d
and • Indinochtad corrici leth i;2na oblae 7 i;^cailich 7 acanar
occo it/r soscel 7 ailloir corrici oblata isiox ait J irn^X. rechta fathe
hitarchet" crist cofolb^i" acht nath naiccess corogenir :--

Tocbal*^ i72cailich iarnalandiurug c\iiawdo canit?/r oblata isfor-
aithnieX gene crist insm tre airde ai/^docbale'' et^ firto • Quando
canit2^r accipit i^sus pane;/^ • Tanaurnat i/iscicart fathri^ duaithrigi
dia pecthaib atnopuir d^o^^ 7 slechthith 'mpopii/ 7 nitaet guth
isson arnatarmasca " i;2sacardd ar issed athechte arnarascra [fo. 66.
amenme contra deum. cene canas i/diachtso isde ispmculosa
oratio a x\oinen • Na • iii • che;;^men ciriges i;2fergraith foraciilu
7 toeing afrithisi is^<^ atrede i;/i7//rui;//dethar cachduine id est

^ This Irish treatise on the Mass is added in a different hand, for the date of which
see Introduction. The extensions of the contracted words are taken from Whitley
Stokes and Strachan, Thesatcrtcs Falaeohibemicus, 1903, ii. p. 252, The full transla-
tion there given is reprinted below as an Appendix (p. 40). The treatise is also edited
and translated by MacCarthy, p. 245. It is also found, with considerable variations, in
the Leabhar Breac (lithogr. ed. 1876, p. 251). It is there headed " De figuris et spiritu-
alibus sensibus oblationis sacrificii ordinis," and begins with a few introductory words
and an explanation of the mystical meaning of the Church, which are omitted here.
See MacCarthy, p. 259.

'in .j. i;2t«n//r," so Thes. Pal., translated "z.^. , the turtle-dove." MacCarthy,
p. 246, reads " id est intrat." The abbreviated form in the MS., however, is more
like " i«t't' " than " i;/tt " [cf. " lidigd " below).

^ MacCarthy inserts " [aithgne] " before " crist," sc. " [the knowledge of] Christ."
from the Lebar Breac. See also 77ies. Pal. , note h.

* So Thes. Pal. ; om. MS.

" The second " h " interlined.

^ So Thes. Pal. and MacCarthy, sc. " elevation," which is required by the sense ;
but the initial letter is very like that of " Ataat," f. 66.

"^ The proper order as indicated by transposition marks is " insin [7] ai/zdocbale
tre airde."

^ A slip of the scribe for 7=^"ocus." ^ The "h" interlined.

10 << Here the scribe omits some words such as ocns canaid in salniso Miserere
met dcHS^^^ Thes. Pal.

38 THE STOWE MISSAL,

hi?;/brethir hicocell hihgni;;/ 7 \^ed -iii- tressanaith nuigther
iteru7/i 7 trisatoscigther dochorp crist \ r^

In mesad mesas i;/sac<?r/ i;/cailech 7 i;/obli 7 inta.jHmus^
ad midethar aco;;/bach fig^r nanaithisse 7 nanesorcon 7 i«-
naaurgabale^ i;/sen • Indobla^ forsi;2meis colind cris^ hi crann
cruche • Acowbag fors'mmeis corp crisl do cho;;/bug cocloaib
fd?rsi;2chroich'^ • Inco;;2rac conrecatar iwdalleth"* • iarsi«cho;/;bug
fig^r oge chuirp crist iarnesergo • In fobdod fo;;/bait^r i;/dalled
figor fobdotha cuirp crist i^nafuil iarnaithchu;;/bu hicroich •
Inpars benar ahichtur i;^diithe bis forla'wi cli fig<?;' i;/daith
chu;;/mi cosi;^dlagin iwoxil i;^tuib deiss arissiar robui aiged
cn'st in crucc id est contra ciuitate?/i 7 isair robui aigeth lorigini
rtrrobothuaisre dosuidiu iss^rt' ropodesse do crzst '. ^

Ataat -uii- ligne forslnchomhucr id est -u- parsadiobli choitchinn
hifig?/2r -u- sense anmae • a -uii- diobli • noeb 7 huag acht na huaisli •
hifig///r -uii- ndana s^iritiis sa?icti • A -uiii- diobli • n\a.rtar •
hifig?//>- i;/dnuifiadnisi ochti • A • uiiii • diobli do;;mich h{f\g?iir
noe montar nimae 7 noengrath aecaba A -xi- diobli Sipsta/
hifiguir i//naairme anfuirthe^ apostol iarni;/^marm?/j iuda^ \ A
■xii- deobli -kt- 7 chenlai^ hiforaithmut airmae foirbte i;ma
napstal A -xiii- diobli mi n chase 7 fele fresgabale pri//j" [fo. 66v.
cefodailt^^r ni bcs miniu \diYiiin octecht dolai;;/ hi^guir exist
conadib m^pstalaib deae :• Inna -u- 7 i;/na -uii- 7 i;nia -uiii- 7
i;/na -uiiii- 7 i;ma -xi- 7 i;/na -xii- 7 i;ma -xiii- Ithe acuicsescot
sa;//lith 7 ishae lin pars i;/sin bis i/^obli case 7 notlaic - 7 chen-
ricigis <^rcongaibther huile hi exist msm 7 ishitorrund cruisse
suidigthir huile forsiwmeis 7 isforcloen i;^pars ochtarach forlai;//
clii • ut dictu;;/ est inclinato'' capite tradidit spirituxn :~

Suidigoth co;;/buig case 7 not/aic -iii- parsa deac in eonacros •
a uiiii- i;/natarsno -xx- pars i;macuairt roth -u- parsae cache oxile
a xui itir i;/cuaird 7 chorp na cros id est a -iiii- [cajcharainne
i;/pars medonach ishi diatet i;/tii oifres' id est ^gor i/zbruinni
cosnarunaib a;;/bis hosen suas dind eo • doepscopbaib • atars •
no^ • iorXdAui cli dosacardaib -a- ni'' forlRini dcis • dohuilib fog-

radciiW^^ -a- ni ondtarsno si's doanchord'^ aithirge • Anf

bis isi;^doxil ochtarthuaiscerdig dufirm^?d"clcrchib indochtardes-
cerdach don\acca.ib enngaib • anichtarthuaisav^^rf/; doaes aitherge-

^ " in " interlined. - " aur " interlined.

3 The first "h" interlined.

■* The first " 1 " interlined. After this word " fig " was written and then struck
out. ^ The "h" interlined.

6 The •* o " interlined over *' e ". " The final " s " hardly visible.

8 "atar • sno," 7Vics. Pal. " "anf," I lies. Pal.

^" The first six letters very doubtful.

^1 The letters following are illegible ; " doanchortib 7 aes na aithirge " Thes. Pal.^
with the alternatives in a note "doanchordaib firailhirge " or " 7 ais aithirge."

THE STOWE MISSAL. 39

^.x\\Q\\\.ar^(i?,cerdacJi • doaes lanawnassa dligthig 7 doaes na tet
dolai;;/ ria;;/ • ^

Iss^<7^ tr*^ asbrig ladin^ menmae dobuith hifigraib mo^rind^
7 corophe tomen;//me indrann^ arafoemi din obli amail [fo. ^J.
bith ball 6\zxist assachroich 7 d.rd7nh6 croch saithir forcach arith
feina^ ore noenigethur'^"' frisi;/chorp crochthe :• Nitechte aslocod
iwparsa cena;//laissiuth amal nan coer censaigith mlas hirruna
de :~ Nicoir atecht fo culfiacli • hifigttir nan coir rosaegeth
forruna d6 na forberther heres lioco • ~ finit amen d^o grsitms •

arond d , . . suil' [fo. 6yv.^

Admunniur'-* epscop nibar iccas^^ . . . arrar^^ roicca^^ do suil
sen de ecc^^ . . . gi crzst conclerc^'^ lais sid conasellais . . . rose
slando sulo :• H(^c c?n/i dixisset expuit^^ in t^rraw et fecit
lutu;;/ ex puto et linuit lu[tu;;/] sup^r oculos eius 7 d/x2t ei uade
et laua i;^ natatoria siloe qtwd inU^pretatur misus abiit ergo et
lauit et iienit uidens :~

ar dele

M<7rc saele an tofasci dele nip hon nip aniw nip at^" nip galar
nip crii cruach^'' nip loch liach nio^^ aupaith lii grene frisben att
benith galar -^

ar galar fuel :^

Suil suiles^'"^ camuU lind lindas gaine reth rethte srothe tele
tuisc lotar teora mucca iz/anais-^ bethade nethar suil naro suil
taber do fual i;2aitonerf'^^ 7 toslane roticca ic slane :^

^ The remaining words of this line in the MS., the penultimate line of f. 66v,
follow those of the last line.

^ " ladia," T/ies. Pal. ; " lades[in]," MacCarthy, perhaps a misprint for
"lad[es]in."

^ So Tkes. Pal. Owing to a hole in the vellum only the tops of " ff " remain.

^ The " d" inserted above the line.

5 " fein," Thes. Pal., but the " a " is plain ; " fhein hore," MacCarthy.

6 "-ther," Thes. Pal. ; " thir," MacCarthy.

7 "Arond ::: sula," Thes. Pal.

® This page contains three spells, for a bad eye, for a thorn, and for an ill
condition of the urine, each in a different hand (see Introduction). They are printed in
Thesaurus Palaeohiberniciis , ii. p. 250, with a translation, for which see below (p. 42).

^ " Admuiniur," ib., but this ignores a stroke.

^° Some letters may be missing at the end of the line, where there is a dark brown
stain. No sign of any, however, remains. ^^ " arra," Thes. Pal.

i"-i "ronicca," ib., with the note " leg. rohicca " There is a very faint mark over
"o," possibly a contraction for " n," or an accent. ^'^ " dee et c :::" ib.

^^ " c : nd : re," ib., but there is no instance of a " d " with an upright stroke.
The " e " is plain, and " s " is interlined over " r. ''

13 " Yox " exspuit," and so " [sjputo " below.

16 "nipatt," Thes. Pal., but there is no second " t." " The " r" interlined.

1^ " nip," ib., but there is no trace of a perpendicular stroke.

19 «t YvixX fuiles {?)," ib., but " Suil suilts?" in a note. There is certainly no cross-
stroke.

^" So Thes. Pal. with a query ; owing to a blot the last two letters are doubtful.

21 "inaitoneitt," Thes. Pal.

40 THE STOIVE MISSAL.

APPENDIX.
Treatise on the Mass.^

1. The Altar (is) the figure of the persecution which is
inflicted. The Chahce is the figure of the Church which has
been set and founded on the persecution and martyrdom of the
prophets et aliorum.

2. Water, first, in calicem^ and this is chanted thereat : Peto
te, Pater, deprecor te, Ftiz, obsecro te, Spiritus Sancte, to wit, the
figure of the people that has been poured in Ecdesia.

3. The Host, then, siper altare, i.e. the turtle-dove.- This
is chanted thereat, to wit, lesus CJiristiis, AlpJia et Omega, hoc est
principiuvi et finis. A figure of Christ's Body which has been
set in the linen sheet of Mary's womb.

4. Wine then on water into the chalice, to wit, Christ's God-
head on His Manhood and on the people at the time of
begetting. This is chanted thereat : Remittit Pater, ind^ilget
Fiiius, iniseretiir Spiritus Sanctus.

5. What is chanted of the Mass thereafter, both introit and
prayers and addition, as far as the Lesson of Apostles (the
Epistle) and the Gradual, tJiat is a figure of the law of Nature,
wherein Christ-' has been renewed, through all His Members and
deeds. The h^pistle, however, and the Gradual, and from this
to the uncovering (of the Chalice), it is a commemoration of
the law of the Letter wherein Christ has been figured, only that
what has been figured therein was not yet known.

6 The uncovering, so far as half, of the Host and of the
Chalice, and what is chanted thereat, both Gospel and Alleluia
as far as oblata, it is a commemoration of the law of the Prophets,
wherein Christ was manifestly foretold, save that it was not
seen until He was born.

7. The elevation of the Chalice, after the full uncovering
thereof, quando canitur oblata, that is a commemoration of
Christ's birth and of His glory through signs and miracles.

8. Quando canitjcr : Accepit Icsus paneni, the priest bows
himself down thrice to repent of his sins. He offers it (the
Chalice) to God [and chants Miserere inei Deus\ and the people
kneel, and here no voice cometh lest it disturb the priest, for
this is the right of it, that his mind" separate not from God while
he chants this lesson. Hence its nomen \s periculosa oratio.

^ See above, p. 37. This translation is taken by permission from Whitley Stokes
and Strachan, I liesaurits Palaeohibcvjiictis^ 1903, ii. p. 252.
- See above, p. 37, note 2.
^ Or " the knowledge of Christ." See above, p. 37, note 3.

1

THE STOWE MISSAL, 41

9. The three steps which the ordained man steppeth back-
wards and which he again steps forward, this is the triad in which
everyone sins, to wit, in word, in thought, in deed ; and this is
the triad of things by which he is renovated iterum and by which
he is moved to Christ's Body.

10. The examination wherewith the priest examines the
ChaHce and the Host, and the effort which he essays to break
it, that is a figure of the insults and of the buffets and of the
seizure (of Christ).

11. The Host on the paten (is) Christ's Flesh on the tree of
the Cross.

12. The fraction on the paten is the breaking of Christ's
Body with nails on the Cross.

13. The meeting wherewith the two halves meet after the
fraction (is) a figure of the wholeness of Christ's Body after
His resurrection.

14. The submersion with which the two halves are sub-
merged (in the Chalice is) a figure of the submersion of Christ's
Body in His Blood after His wounding on the Cross.

15. The particle that is cut off from the bottom of the half
which is on the (priest's) left hand is the figure of the wounding
with the lance in the armpit of the right side ; for westwards was
Christ's face on the Cross, to wit, contra ciuitatein^ and east-
wards was the face of Longinus ; what to him was the left to
Christ was the right.

16. The confraction is of seven kinds, to wit, five particles
of the common Host as a figure of the five senses of the soul :
seven of the Host of saints and virgins save the chief ones, as a
figure of the seven gifts of the Holy Ghost : eight (particles) of
the martyrs' Host as a figure of the octonary New Testament :
nine of the Host of Sunday as a figure of the nine households
of heaven and the nine grades of the Church : eleven of the
Host of the Apostles as a figure of the incomplete number of
the Apostles after the sin of Judas : twelve of the Host of the
Kalends (the Circumcision) and of Maundy Thursday, in com-
memoration of the complete number of the Apostles : thirteen
'of the Host of Low Sunday and the Festival of the Ascension
formerly, although later something less is distributed at the
communion as a figure of Christ with His twelve Apostles.

17. The five and the seven and the eight and the nine and
the eleven and the twelve and the thirteen they are sixty-five
thus, and that is the number of the particles, that is, in the Host
of Easter and Christmas and Whitsunday, for in Christ is all
that comprised, and in the form of a cross is all set on the
paten, and the upper part is inclined on the left hand as was
said : Inclinato capite tradidit spiriturn.

42 THE STOWE MISSAL.

1 8. The arrangement of the confraction at Easter and
Christmas : thirteen particles^ in the stem of the crosses, nine
in its cross-piece, twenty particles in its circle-wheel, five particles
in each angle, sixteen both in the circle and in the body of the
crosses, that is, four for every part. The middle particle is that
to which the mass priest goes, i.e. the figure of the breast with
the secrets. What is from that upwards of the shaft to bishops :
the cross-piece on the left hand to priests : that on the right hand
to all sub-grades : that from the cross-piece down to anchorites
and penitents : that which is in the left upper angle to true
young clerics : the right upper to innocent children : the left
lower to folk of repentance : the right lower to folk lawfully
married and to those that go not before to communion.

19. This is what God deems worthy, the mind to be in the
symbols of the Mass, and that this be thy mind : the portion of
the Host which thou receivest (to be) as it were a member of
Christ from His Cross, and that there may be a cross of labour
on each (in) his own course, because it unites to the crucified
Body. It is not meet to swallow the particle without tasting it,
as it is improper not to seek to bring savours into God's mysteries.
It is not proper for it to go under the back teeth, (this) sym-
bolizing that it is improper to dispute over much on God's
mysteries, lest heresy should be increased thereby.

Finit. Amen. Deo gratias.

Spells.2

For a . . . . eye.

I honour bishop Ibar who heals . . . May the blessing of God

and of Christ's heal thine eye whole of thine

eye.

For a thorn.

A splendid salve which binds a thorn : let it not be spot nor
blemish, let it not be swelling nor illness, nor clotted gore, nor
lamentable hole, nor enchantment. The sun's brightness heals
the swelling, it smites the disease.

For disease of the urine.

put thy urine in . . . thy . . . and thy health. May a cure

of health heal thee !

1 As Dr. MacCarthy points out (p. 255), the sum of the particles as given does not
amount, as it should, to 65. Reading, however, " .iiii. parsa deac" for " .iii. parsa
deac" and " xiiii " for " uiiii," we obtain the required total, 14+14 + 20+16+1, the
unit being the middle particle, or the centre of the shaft of the cross, the position of
the celebrant. See the diagram, p. 256.

- See above, p. 39. From T/iesaiini; Palaeohibeiiticiti, ii. p. 250.

INDEX OF LITURGICAL FORMS.

Abrenimtias Satanae, 25.

Accepto salutari divini corporis cibo,

35-
Accesserunt Saducei (Matt. xxii. 23, 29-

33), 34.
Accipe vestem candidam, 32.
Adiuva me domine (Ps. cxviii. 117)5 32.
Ad te domine levavi, 18.
Agimus deo patri omnip. gratias, 36.
Ante conspectum divinae maiestatis, 3,

14.
Ante oculos tuos domine deus, 7.
Ascendat oratio nostra, 4.

Benedic domine hanc creaturam aquae,

Benedicam dominum, 18.

Benedicat tibi dominus et custodiat, 36.

Calicem salutaris accipiam (Ps. cxv. 13),

Cognoverunt dominum in fraction e

panis, 17.
Comedite amici mei, 18.
Commixtio corporis et sanguinis, 18.
Communicantes et diem...

ascensionis domini nostri I. C. , 12.
circumcisionis dom. nostri I. C, ii.
clausulae pascae, 12.
in quo incontaminata virginitas, ii.
natalis calicis dom. nostri 1. C, ii.
quinquagesimae dom. nostri I. C,

12.
resurrectionis dom. nostri I. C, ii.
Communicantes etmemoriam venerantes,

12.
Communicantes et noctem uel diem

sacratissimam resurrectionis, il.
Concede domine nobis famulis, 35.
Converte nos deus salutum, 36.
Corpus et sanguis dom. nostri I. C. filii

dei, 35.
Corpus et sanguis dom. nostri I. C. sit

tibi, 32.
Credimus domine credimus in hac con-

fractione, 17.
Credis in deum patrem, 25, 31.
Credo in unum deum patrem, 8.

Cum omnibus in totomundo oflferentibus,
14.

Da nobis misericordiam tuam, 23.

Defer domine exitum mortis, 26.

Deum patrem d. fil. d. spir. sanctum

unum et solum dominum, 19.
Deum vivum omnip. cui omnia opera, 33.
Deus cuius spiritus super aquas, 29.
Deus in adiutorium, 3.
Deus in cuius manu tam halitus viventis,

34".
Deus omnipotens pater dom. nostri I. C.

qui te regeneravit, 31.
Deus pater omnipotens dom. fili dei

unigenite, 4.
Deus qui ad salutem hominis medicinam,

Deus qui ad salutem human! generis, 24,

27.
Deus qui Adam de Jimo, 24.
Deus qui beato Petro, 4.
Deus qui confitentium tibi corda, 22.
Deus qui culpa offenderis, 5.
Deus qui diligentibus, 5.
Deus qui f?,cturam tuam, 34.
Deus qui invisibili potenlia, 29.
Deus qui non vis mortem, 34.
Deus qui nos regendo, 5.
Deus qui nos sanctorum tuorum, 20.
Deus tibi gratias agimus per quem, 33.

36.
Dicamus omne.s domine exaudi, 6.
Dies quoque nostros in tua pace, 12.
Dignum et justum aequum. et justum, 20.
Dirigatur domine (Ps. cxl. 2), 7.
Divino magisterio edocti, 17.
Domine deus noster I. C. splendor

paternae gloria e, 19.
Domine deus omnip. qui sanctos tuos, 20.
Domine sancte pater omnip. aeterne deus
expelle diabolum, 24.
qui es et qui eras, 27.
qui es via, 34.
Domine sancte pater te fideliter deprece-

mur, 35.
Domine sancte pater universitatis auctor,

33-
Domini est terra, 18.

44

INDEX OF LITURGICAL FORMS.

Dominus et salvator noster I. C. pridie Judica me domine, i8

quam, 32.
Dominus noster I. C. dixit ego sum panis

(Joh. vi. 51-57), 7. .
Dominus regit me (Ps. xxii. i), 18.

Ecce agnus dei, 18.

Effeta quod est apertio, 27.

Exaudi nos dom. I. C. deus noster pro

fratre nostro infirmo, 35.
Exaudi nos dom. sancte pater omnip.

aet. ds. et mittere, 28.
Exorcizo te creatura aquae

in nomine dei patris, 29.

per deum vivum, 28.
Exorcizo te creatura salis in nomine dei,

25.
Exorcizo te et per lesum Christum, 28.
Exorcizo te spiritus immunde per deum,

33- . .
Exultatio divina paterna pietas, 21.

Laudate dominum omnes gentes (Ps.

cxvi. I), 36.
Libera nos domine ab omni malo,

et custodi nos, 35.

preterite presenti et futuro, 17.
Lucernapedibusmeis(Ps. cxviii. 105), 32.

Medellam tuam deprecor domine, 26.
Memento etiam domine

et eorum nomina, 14.

famulorum tuorum, ii.
Memento nostri domine in beneplacito
(Ps. cv. 4), 33.

Nee te lateat Satanas, 26.

Nobis quoque peccatoribus fanmlis tuis,

16.
Novum carmen cantate, 18.

Fiat domine misericordia tua (Ps. xxxii.

22), 17.
Fortiludo mea et laudalio (Ps. cxvii. 14),

6,36.
Fratres quotiescumque manducabitis (i

Cor. xi. 26-32), 5.

Gloria in excelsis, 4.

Grata sint tibi domine munera, 6.

Grata sit tibi haec oblalio, 9.

Gratias tibi agimus domine sancte pater,

19.
Gustate et videte, 18.

O domine salvum fac (Ps. cxvii. 25), 33.
Oblata domine munera sanctifica, 9.
Omnes sancti venite, 18.
Omnipotens sempiterne deus

adesto magnae pietatis, 29.

qui populum tuum, 5.
Operare creatura olei, 31.
Oramus te doniine pro fratre nostro, 35.
Oremus fratres carissimi

pro caris nostris, 23.

pro fratre nostro, 32.
Oremus fratres dom. deum nostrum pro

fratre nostro, 33.
Ostende nobis domine misericordiam
(Ps. Ixxxiv. 8), 9.

Haec nobis precepta servantibus, 30.
Hanc igitur oblationem serviiutis nostrae

sed et cunctae familiae, 12.
Has oblationes et sincera libamina, 9.
Hie est panis, 18.
Hoc sacrum corpus, 18.
Hostias quaesunius domine nostrae devo-

tionis, 9.

In illis diebus dixit lesus statim (Matt.

xxiv. 29-31), 34.
In illo tempore accesserunt Saducei

(Matt. xxii. 23, 29-33), 34.
In labiis meis, 18.

Indulge domine penitentibus nobis, 21.
Intende domine munera quae altaribus,

23.
Iteramus omnipotens deus depreca-

tionem, 21.

Pacem mandasti pacem dedisti, 17.

Pacem meam do vobis, 18.

Panem caeli dedit, 18.

Pax et caritas dom. nostri I. C, 17, 35.

Pax multa diligentibus, 18.

Pax tecum in vilam aeternam, 36.

Peccavimus domine jicccavimus, 3.

Penitentiam agite, 18.

Per quem haec omnia domine semper

bona creas, 16.
Plenum odorem vitae, 18.
Prafesta quaesumus omnip. et misericors

deus ut animae, 23.

Quaerite dominum et confirmamini (Ps.

civ. i), 6.
Quaesumus domine omnip. deus ut vota

nostra, 8.
Quam oblationem te deus in omnibus, 12.

INDEX OF LITURGICAL FORMS,

45

Qui manducat, i8.

Quia satiavit (Ps. cvi. 9), 36.

Quos caelesti domine dono satiasti, 18.

Refecti Christi corpoie, 36.
Refecti spiritalibus escis, 32.
Regem caeli cum pace, 18.
Regnum caelorum vim, 18.
Rogamus te domine sancte pater, 26.
Rogo te deus Sabaoth, 3.

Sacrificate sacrificium (Ps. ix. 6), 36.
Sacrificiis presentibus domine quaesumus

intende, 6.
Sacrificium tibi domine celebrandum, 7.
Salva nos lesu qui potes, 33.
Sanctus sanctus dominus deus Sabaoth,

10.
Si ego lavi pedes vestros (Job. xiii. 14,

I5)>32.
Signaculo crucis, 36.
Signum crucis Christi accipe, 32.
Sinite parvulos venire, 18.
Sitivit anima mea (Ps. xli. 2), 28.
Statim post tribulationem (Matt. xxiv.

29-31), 34.
Sumpsimus domine sanctorum tuorum

sollemnia, 21.
Sursum corda, 9.

Te igitur clementissime pater, 10.

Tibi igitur precipio omnis spiritus im-

munde, 28.
Tu mandasti mandata (Ps. cxviii. 4), 32.

Ubi ego fuero, 18.

Unde benedico te creatura aquae, 30.

Unde et memores sumus domine nos tui

servi, 13.
Ungo te de oleo

et de crismate, 31.

sanctificato in nomine, 25.

sanctificato ut salveris, 35.

Veni domine sanctificator, 7.
Venite benedicti patris, 18.
Venite comedite panem, 18.
Vere dignum

cuius potentia deprecanda, 22.

cuius promissiones, 23.

qui cum unigenito, 10.

sed in hac die gratius, 20.
Vere sanctus vere benedictus vere mira-

bilis, 20.
Visita nos deus in salutare (Ps. cv. 4), 36.
Visita nos domine in salutare (Ps. cv. 4),

Vox domini super aquas (Ps. xxviii. 3),
28.

LONDON :
HARRISON AND SONS, PRINTERS IN ORDINARY TO HIS MAJESTY,

ST. martin's lane.

HENRY BRADSHAW SOCIETY,

FOR EDITING RARE LITURGICAL TEXTS.

PRESIDENT.

The Rt. Rev. Bishop Forrest Browne, D.D., F.S.A.

VICE-PRESIDENTS.

The Bishop of Gloucester, D.D.

The Bisliop of Moray, D.D.

The Bishop of Ossory, D.D.

Rev. H. B. Swete, D.D.

Rev. Padre Ehrle.

Mgr. Giovanni Mercati.

Sir Edward Maunde Thompson, G.C.B., LL.D.

Sir George F. Warner, M.A., D.Litt., F.SA.

Edmund Bishop, Esq.

Cyril S. Cobb, Esq., M.V.O., B.C.L.

F. Jenkinson, Esq., M.A., D.Litt.

MEMBERS OF COUNCIL.

Dr. J. Wickham Legg, Chairfuan.

Rev. E. S. Dewick, M.A., P'.S.A., Hon. Treasurer.

Rev. H. A. Wilson, M.A., Ho?i. Secretary

Cuthbert Atchley, Esq.

W. J. Birkbeck, Esq., M.A., F.S.A.

Rev. W. C. Bishop, MA.

Rev. F. E. Brightman, MA.

Rev. J. N. Dalton, M.A., F.S.A.

Rev. Walter Howard Frere, D.D.

Sir William St. John Hope, Litt.D., D.C.L

F. Madan, Esq., M.A., F.S.A.

Alfred W. Pollard, Esq., M.A.

Rev. F. E. Warren, B.D., F.S.A.

Rev. R. M. Woolley, B.D.

Rev. Christopher Wordsworth, M.A.

HONORARY AUDITORS.

Leland L. Duncan, Esq., M.V.O., F.S.A.
Lawrence Weaver, Esq., P\S.A.

List of Works already issued.

1891.^ I. MISSALE AD USUM ECCLESI^ WESTMONASTERIENSIS,
fasc. i. Edited by Dr. T. Wickham Legg, F.S.A. 8vo.

[Dec. 1891.]

^ill. THE MARTILOGE, I 526. Edited by the Rev. F. PROCTER,
M.A., and the Rev. E. S. Dewick, M.A., F.S.A. 8vo.

[May, 1893.1

1892.^ II. THE MANNER OF THE CORONATION OF KING CHARLES
THE FIRST, 1626. Edited by the Rev. Chr. Wordsworth,
M.A. 8vo. [Dec. 1892.]

^IV. THE BANGOR ANTIPHONARIUM. Edited by the Rev.
F. E. Warren, B.D., F.S.A. Part I. containing complete
facsimile in collotype, with historical and palseographical
introduction. 4tO. [Aug. 1893.]

1893.^ V- MISSALE AD USUM ECCLESI.E WESTMONASTERIENSIS,
fasc. ii. Edited by Dr. T- Wickham Legg, F.S.A. 8vo.

[Aug. 1893.]

"^VI. OFFICIUM ECCLESIASTICUM ABBATUM SECUNDUM USUM
EVESHAMENSIS MONASTERII. Edited by the Rev.

H. A. Wilson, M.A. 8vo. [Aug. 1893.]

l894.'^VII. TRACTS OF CLEMENT MAYDESTONE, viz.

Defensorium Directorii and Crede Michi. Edited by the
Rev. Chr. Wordsworth, M.A. 8vo. [Oct. 1894.]

■^VIII. THE WINCHESTER TROPER. Edited by the Rev. W.
Howard Frere, M.A. 8vo. [Nov. 1894.]

1 895. "^ IX. THE MARTYROLOGY OF GORMAN. Edited by Whitley
Stokes, D.C.L., Foreign Associate of the Institute of
France. 8vo. [July? 1S95.]

^X. THE BANGOR ANTIPHONARIUM, Part IL containing an
amended text with liturgical introduction, and an appendix
containing an edition of Harleian MS. 7653. Edited by the
Rev. F. E. Warren, B.D., F.S.A. 4tO. [Nov. 1895.]

1896. XI. THE MISSAL OF ROBERT OF JUMIEGES, BISHOP OF LONDON,
A.D. I044-IO51, AND archbishop OF CANTERBURY IN A.D.

105 1. Edited from a MS. in the Public Library at Rouen,
by the Rev. H. A. Wilson, M.A. 8vo. [July, 1896.]

* The books issued for 1891, 1892, 1893, 1894, and 1895 are out of print.
STOWE. E

XII. MISSALE AU USUM ECCLESIyE WESTMONASTERIENSIS,
fasc. iii. Containing an appendix giving certain Offices from
Westminster MSS. in the Bodleian Library and the British
Museum, together with full indices, notes, and a liturgical
introduction Edited by Dr. J. Wickham Legg, F.S.A. 8vo.

[Nov. 1897.]

1897. XIII. THE IRISH LIBER HYMNORUM. Edited from MSS. in the

Libraries of Trinity College, and the Franciscan Convent
at Dublin by the Rev. John H. Bernard, D.D., and
Robert Atkinson, LL.D. Vol. L, Text and Glossary.
XIV. Vol. II., Notes and Translations of the Irish Prefaces and
Hymns. Svo. [July, 1898.]

1898. XV. THE ROSSLYN MISSAL. An Irish manuscript in the Advo-

cates' Library, Edinburgh. Edited by the Rev. H. J.
Lawlor, D.D. 8vo. [April, 1899.]

XVI. THE CORONATION BOOK OF CHARLES V. OF FRANCE.
(British Museum, Cottonian MS. Tiberius B. viii.) With
reproductions in collotype of the 38 miniatures which
illustrate the ceremonies, and facsimiles of seven of them in
gold and colours. Edited by the Rev. E. S. Dewick, M.A.,
F.S.A. 4to. [Dec. 1S99.]

1899. XVII. MISSALE ROMANUM, Milan, 1474. (The first printed

edition of the Roman Missal.) Edited by the Rev. Robert
Lippe, LL.D. Vol. I. Text. 8vo. [Oct. 1899.]

XVIII. THE PROCESSIONAL OF THE NUNS OF ST. MARY AT
CHESTER. With English rubrics. Edited by Dr. J. Wick-

ham Legg, F.S.A. 8vo.

1900. XIX. THREE CORONATION
Order of William III.
French version of the

ORDERS : (i.)
and Mary II.
Ensrlish Coronation

Consecration of the Anglo-Saxon
Wickham Legg, F.S.A. Svo.

King.

[Oct. 1899.]

The Coronation
(2.) An Ancjlo-

(3.)

Order.

Edited by Dr. J.
[Feb. 190 1.]

XX.

CLEMENT MAYDESTONE S DIRECTORIUM SACERDOTUM.
Edited by (the late) Rev. Canon Cooke, M.A., and the Rev.
Christopher Wordsworth, M.A. Vol. I. 8vo.

[Feb. 1 901.]

I9OI . XXI. FACSIMILES OF IIOR^ B.M.V., reproduced in collotype from
English MSS. of the nth Century. Edited by the Rev.
E. S. Dewick, M.A., F.S.A. 4to. [Jan. 1902.]

XXII. CLEMENT MAYDESTONE's DIRECTORIUM SACERDOTUM.
Edited by (the late) Rev. Canon Cooke, M.A., and the
Kev. Christopher Wordsworth, M.A. Vol. II. 8vo.

[March, 1902.]

1902. XXIII. CUSTOMARY OF THE BENEDICTINE MONASTERIES OF

ST. AUGUSTINE, CANTERBURY, AND ST. PETER,

WESTMINSTER. Edited by Sir Edward Maunde
Thompson, K.C.B., LL.D., D.C.L., V.P.S.A. Vol. I.
Containing text of Cottonian MS. Faustina C. xii. 8vo.

[October, 1902.]

XXIV. THE BENEDICTIONAL OF ARCHBISHOP ROBERT.
Edited by the Rev. H. A. Wilson, M.A. 8vo. [Jan. 1903.]

1903. XXV. THE clerk's BOOK OF 1 549. From the unique copy

in the British Museum. (C. 36. d. i.) Edited by Dr.
J. WiCKHAM Legg, F.S.A. 8vo. [Feb. 1904.]

XXVI. THE HEREFORD BREVIARY. Edited by the Rev. W.
Howard Frere, M.A., and Langton E. G. Brown,
sub-Librarian of the Hereford Chapter Library. Vol. I.
Psalterium, Commune Sanctorum, Temporale. 8vo.

[Feb. 1904.]

1904. XXVII. TRACTS ON THE MASS. Edited by Dr. J. WiCKHAM

Legg, F.S.A. Containing : —
Ordinarium Missae SariLin. From an early 14th-century Missal

formerly in the possession of the late Mr. William Morris,

F.S.A. (With two collotype plates.)
Langforde's Aleditatyons for Goostly Exercyse in the tyme of the

Masse. (Bodleian MS., Wood 17.)
Alphabetiun seu Instriidio Sacerdotum. (Bodleian, Douce 14.)

Collated with four other editions.
Dominican Directions for High Mass. From a 13th-century MS.

(Brit. Mus. Add. 23,935.) With an Appendix on Low Mass

from a Dominican Missal printed at Lubeck in 1502.
Ordo Missae of John Burckard, Rome 1502, collated with a shorter

recension from a Roman Missal of 1501.
Ordinary of the earliest known Sarum Missal, written about a.d. 1264.
And other pieces. 8vo. [November, 1904.]

XXVIII. CUSTOMARY OF THE BENEDICTINE MONASTERIES
OF ST. AUGUSTINE, CANTERBURY, AND ST. PETER,
WESTMINSTER. Edited by Sir Edward Maunde

Thompson, K.C.B., LL.D., D.C.L., V.P.S.A. Vol. II.
Containing text of Cottonian MS. Otho C. xi. and of part of
Gonville and Caius College MS. 211. 8vo. [Dec. 1904.]

1905. XXIX. THE MARTYROLOGY OF OENGUS THE CULDEE.

Edited with a collation of the MSS., by Whitley Stokes,
D.C.L., Foreign Associate of the Institute of France. 8vo.

[Nov. 1905.]

XXX. THE MOZARABIC PSALTER. (Brit. Mus. Add. 30,851.)
Edited by J. P. Gilson, M.A., of the Department of
Manuscripts in the British Museum. 8vo. [Nov. 1905.]

1906. XXXI. THE STOWE MISSAL, a manuscript belonging to the Royal
Irish Academy. Edited by G. F. Warner, D.Litt, F.S.A.,
Keeper of Manuscripts at the British Museum. Vol. I.
Facsimile of the MS. 8vo. [Nov. 1906.]

XXXII. THE STOWE MISSAL. Edited by Sir G. F. Warner,

D.Litt., F.B.A. Vol. II. Printed text with Introduction,

Index of liturgical forms, and nine collotype plates of the

metal cover and the Stowe St. John. 8vo. [Oct. 1915.]

1907. XXXIIL MISSALE ROMANUM. Milan, 1474.
by the Rev. Robert Lippe, LL.D.
Rev. H. A. Wilson, M.A. 8vo.

Vol. II. Edited

Index by the

[Nov. 1907.]

XXXIV. THE ORDER OF THE COMMUNION, printed by Richard
Grafton, 1548. A facsimile edition edited by the Rev.
H. A. Wilson, M.A. 8vo. [April, 1908.]

1908. XXXV. THE SECOND RECENSION OF THE QUIGNON

BREVIARY. Edited by Dr. J. Wickham Legg. Vol. I.
Text. 8vo. [Dec. 1908.]

XXXVI. FACSIMILES OF THE CREEDS FROM EARLY MSB.
Edited by the Rev. A. E. Burn, D.D., with palaeographical
notes by the late Dr. Ludwig Traube. 4tO. [Feb. 1909.]

1909. XXXVII. ORDINALE EXON. (Exeter Chapter MS. 3502 collated

with Parker MS. 93.) With two appendices from Trinity
College, Cambridge MS. B. xi. 16, and Exeter Chapter MS.
3625. Edited by the Rev. J. N. Dalton, M.A., F.S.A.,
Canon of Windsor. Vol. I. 8vo. [Oct. 1909.]

XXXVIII. ORDINALE EXON. Vol. II. 8vo.

[Oct. 1909.]

1 9 10. XXXIX. THE PONTIFICAL OF MAGDALEN COLLEGE, OXFORD

(MS. 226), with an appendix of extracts from other English
manuscripts of the twelfth century. Edited by the Rev.
H. A. Wilson, M.A. 8vo. [Nov. 19 10.]

XL. THE HEREFORD BREVIARY. Edited by the Rev. W.
Howard Frere, D.Q., and Langton E. G. Brown,
sub-Librarian of the Hereford Chapter Library. Vol. II.
Sanctorale. 8vo. [March, 191 1.]

191 I. XLI.

ENGLISH ORDERS FOR CONSECRATING CHURCHES
IN THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY. Edited by Dr.

[May, 191 1.]

J. Wickham Legg. 8vo.

I912. XLIII.

XLIV

191 3. XLV.

XLII. THE SECOND RECENSION OF THE QUIGNON BREVIARY.
Edited by Dr. J. Wickham Legg. Vol. II. Liturgical
introduction, with notes, indices, illustrative documents, and
a life of Quignon. 8vo. [April, 1912.]

THE COLBERTINE BREVIARY. Edited by T. Gambier-
Parry, M.A. Vol. I. 8vo. [Nov. 191 2.]

THE COLBERTINE BREVIARY. Vol. 11. 8vo.

[March, 1913-]
THE LEOFRIC COLLECTAR, an English manuscript of
the eleventh century (Harl. MS. 2961); and an Appendix
containing a Litany and Prayers from Harl. MS. 863. With
18 Plates of facsimiles. Edited by the Rev. E. S. Dewick,
M.A., F.S.A. Vol. I. Text. 4to. [May, 1914.]

XLVI. THE HEREFORD BREVIARY. Edited by the Rev. W.
Howard Frere, D.D., and Langton E. G. Brown. Vol. III.
Hereford Collectar (in abbreviated form), extracts from the
Hereford Ordinal, introduction and indices. 8vo.

[Jan. 1915.]

I914. XLVII. THE PSALTER AND MARTYROLOGY OF RICEMARCH.
Edited by the Rev. H. J. Lawlor, D.D., Professor of
Ecclesiastical History in the University of Dublin. Vol. I.
Text, introduction, indices. 8vo. [Nov. 1914.]

XLVIII. THE PSALTER AND MARTYROLOGY OF RICEMARCH.
8vo. Vol. II. Plates, consisting of complete facsimile of the
Martyrology, and selected pages from the Psalter. [Nov. 19 14.]

THE GREGORIAN SACRAMENTARY. Edited by the
Rev. H. A. Wilson, M.A., from MSS. of the ninth century
(Vatican MSS. Reginae 337 and Otlob. 313, and the Cambrai
MS. of Bishop Hildoard). 8vo. [June, 1915.]

CRANMEr's EARLY PROJECTS FOR REFORM OF THE
DIVINE SERVICE. A complete edition of British Museum
MS. Royal 7 B. iv. edited by Dr. J. Wickham Legg. 8vo.

[June, 1915.]

Future issues will be selected from the following- :

MISSALE GOTHICUM. (Vatican MS. Reginae 7,1-].) Edited by the Rev.
H. M. Bannister, D.Litt. 8vo. [In preparation.]

ST. WILLIBRORd's calendar. (MS. Lat. 10,837 in Bibl. Nat., Paris.)
A facsimile edition edited with notes by Mr. Edmund Bishop. 4to.

[In preparation.]

ORDINALE EXON. Edited by the Rev. J. N. Dalton, M.A., F.S.A.,
Canon of Windsor. Vol. III. Liturgical introduction with notes,
indices, and collation of the Martyrology with Exeter Chapter MS. 3518.
8vo.

1915. XLIX.

L.

8

THE LEOFRIC COLLECTAR. Edited by the Rev. E. S. Dewick, M.A.,
F.S.A. Vol. II. Introduction, notes, indices. 4to.

A CANTERBURY BENEDICTIONAL. (Had. MS. 2892.) Edited by the
Rev. R. M. WooLLEY, B.D.

PONTIFICALE LANALETENSE. An English MS. of the nth Century,
now in the Public Library at Rouen. Edited by the Rev. H. A. Wilson,
M.A.

MISSALE FRANCORUM, and Fragments of Galilean Liturgies. Edited
by the Rev. H. M. Bannister, D.Litt.

THE BRIGITTINE BREVIARY OF THE NUNS OF SION, with English
rubrics. From a MS. at Magdalene College, Cambridge. Edited by
the Rev. H. A. Wilson, M.A.

THE MONASTIC BREVIARY OF THE CHURCH OF DURHAM. (Harl.
MS. 4664.)

October^ 19^ 5-

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LONDON :

HARRISON AND SONS, PRINTERS IN ORDINARY TO HIS MAJESTY,

ST. martin's LANE.

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The Stowe Missal
V.2